Age-standardized mortality rates related to viral hepatitis in Brazil

Perazzo, Hugo; Pacheco, Antônio Guilherme; Luz, Paula M.; Castro, Rodolfo; Hyde, Chris; Fittipaldi, Juliana; Rigolon, C.; Cardoso, Sandra Wagner; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Veloso, Valdiléa G.

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2619-y

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We found that overall survival was worse for those with HCV than those with HBV; 12.2% of the cohort with HCV died vs 3.2% of those with HBV. The crude risk of death was 4 times higher for those with HCV than HBV, and 2 times higher after adjustment, consistent with findings from other studies [ 21 ] and with our previous findings on survival specifically among individuals with HCC [ 17 ]. Individuals with HCV were also 3.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV and 17% more likely to be diagnosed with HCC than those with HBV, even after adjusting for other factors that might have affected these diagnoses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Mortality Among Individuals With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection in New York City, 2001–2012

Moore¹,

Bocour²,

Tran

et al. 2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complication of chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection. New York City (NYC) has a high prevalence of HBV and HCV, and infected persons likely face increased mortality from HCC and other causes. We describe the mortality profile of NYC residents with HBV or HCV, emphasizing the contributions of HCC and HIV coinfection.Methods Two existing data sets were combined to examine all individuals diagnosed with HBV or HCV in NYC first reported to the Health Department during 2001–2012 and their HCC, HIV, and vital status. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of HCC diagnosis by viral hepatitis status, whereas Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard of death by HCC/HIV status.ResultsIn total, 120 952 and 127 933 individuals were diagnosed with HBV or HCV, respectively. HCV-infected individuals had 17% higher odds of HCC diagnosis than HBV-infected individuals and 3.2 times higher odds of HIV coinfection. Those with HCV were twice as likely to die during the study period (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.96–2.12). The risk of death increased for those with HIV or HCC and was highest for those with both conditions.ConclusionsHCC and HIV represent substantial risks to survival for both HBV- and HCV-infected individuals. Individuals with HBV need close monitoring and treatment, when indicated, and routine HCC screening. Those with HCV need increased, timely access to curative medications before developing liver disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Mortality Among Individuals With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection in New York City, 2001–2012

Moore¹,

Bocour²,

Tran

et al. 2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…In total, 59 epidemiological articles were included (Table 1). An additional article was found that presented data on hepatitis A mortality [20]. Since hepatitis A infection is rarely fatal and its burden is usually related to its morbidity [21], this article was excluded from further analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A epidemiology in Latin American countries: a 2020 view from a systematic literature review

Andani

Elten²,

Bunge³

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) for children aged 1 year and older in areas where endemicity has shifted from high to intermediate. There are no recent comprehensive reviews of the epidemiology of HAV infection in Latin America, but seroprevalence and socioeconomic data suggest that, with improved clean water and sanitation systems, countries are transitioning to intermediate endemicity. Areas covered: We conducted a systematic literature review of the epidemiology of HAV infection in 25 countries in the Latin American region, which included gray literature. We compiled data on HAV incidence and prevalence, including the identification of epidemiological changes observed in countries that established pediatric HAV vaccination programs. Expert opinion: We identified 59 relevant articles, including 34 peer-reviewed seroprevalence studies (12 recent studies from Brazil), three incidence studies, and six vaccine impact studies (three from Argentina). Based on the estimated age at midpoint of population immunity in each country, most have a high-intermediate, intermediate, or low-intermediate level of HAV endemicity, suggesting that national childhood immunization may be an appropriate disease prevention strategy. However, recent data were lacking for most countries. Improved data quality and continued epidemiological surveillance are required for this region.

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“…Between 1999 and 2015, HAV infection comprised 31% of all viral hepatitis reported in Brazil, with the North and Northeast regions accounting for 57% of all confirmed cases of hepatitis A and presenting the highest age-standardized mortality rate [6,7]. Since 2006, the overall incidence rate of HAV infection in Brazil has shown a downward trend, from 9.1/1,000,000 inhabitants to 3.1/1,000,000 in 2013 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of an Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine with One Dose in Brazil: A Retrospective Time-Series

et al. 2021

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Background: In 2014, a recommended one-dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was included in the Brazilian National Immunization Program targeting children 12–24 months. This decision addressed the low to intermediate endemicity status of hepatitis A across Brazil and the high rate of infection in children and adolescents between 5 and 19 years old. The aim of the study was to conduct a time-series analysis on hepatitis A incidence across age groups and to assess the hepatitis A distribution throughout Brazilian geographic regions. Methods: An interrupted time-series analysis was performed to assess hepatitis A incidence rates before (2010–2013) and after (2015–2018) hepatitis A vaccine program implementation. The time-series analysis was stratified by age groups while a secondary analysis examined geographic distribution of hepatitis A cases. Results: Overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased from 3.19/100.000 in the pre-vaccine period to 0.87/100.000 (p = 0.022) post-vaccine introduction. Incidence rate reduction was higher among children aged 1-4 years old, with an annual reduction of 67.6% in the post-vaccination period against a 7.7% annual reduction in the pre-vaccination period (p < 0.001). Between 2015 and 2018, the vaccination program prevented 14,468 hepatitis A cases. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the positive impact of a recommended one-dose inactivated hepatitis A vaccine for 1–4-years-old in controlling hepatitis A at national level.

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Age-standardized mortality rates related to viral hepatitis in Brazil

Abstract: Background: Liver-related mortality has been increasing worldwide. We aimed to estimate the age-standardized mortality rates from viral hepatitis in Brazil.

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Mortality Among Individuals With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection in New York City, 2001–2012

Effect of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Mortality Among Individuals With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection in New York City, 2001–2012

Hepatitis A epidemiology in Latin American countries: a 2020 view from a systematic literature review

The Impact of an Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine with One Dose in Brazil: A Retrospective Time-Series

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