Age Variance in the Survival of United States Pediatric Leukemia Patients (1973–2006)

Holmes, Laurens; Opara, Franklin; desVignes-Kendrick, Mary; Hossain, Jobayer

doi:10.5402/2012/721329

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Japan reported 5-year survival rate of 83% (Nakata et al, 2018) while South Korea recorded 5-year survival rate of 75.4% (Park et al, 2016) for this age group. We found huge differences in survival among age groups for childhood leukemia, with highest survival for children aged 1-4 years while lowest survival for adolescents aged 15-19, similar to a study in the United States which reported the age group 15-19 continued to show the lowest survival for longer time, while the age group 1-4 showed a persistent highest survival (Holmes et al, 2012). Improvements in childhood leukemia survival over time have been reported internationally and have been suggested to be most likely due to advances in treatment, standardization of treatment protocols and improvements in diagnosis of leukemia (Bonaventure et al, 2017) Among the childhood cancers, for children and adolescents aged 0-19, the highest 5-year survival rate was observed in malignant epithelial neoplasms (84.2%) while the lowest survival was for CNS tumours (44.1%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Leong

Ong

Jali

et al. 2020

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: This study aims to determine the survival rates for children and adolescents aged 0-19 years diagnosed with childhood cancer and to evaluate the associated factors for childhood cancer survival in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: The analysis was based on de-identified data of 263 childhood cancer for the period 2002 to 2017 retrieved from a population-based cancer registry. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis, using the log-rank test, was used to examine the differences in survival between groups. Multivariate analysis, using the Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) regression model, was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and select the significant associated factors for childhood cancer patients' survival. Results: The overall 1-, 5-and 10-year survival rates for all childhood cancers combined were 79.4%, 70.0% and 68.8% respectively. The most common types of cancer were leukemias, malignant epithelial neoplasms, lymphomas and tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-year survival estimates were highest for malignant epithelial neoplasms (84.2%) while the lowest was tumours of the CNS (44.1%). Log rank tests showed significant differences in childhood cancer patients' survival between tumour types and period of diagnosis. In the Cox PH analysis, the presence of lymphomas, gonodal and germ cell neoplasms, and malignant epithelial neoplasms compared to leukemia; children aged 1-4 and 5-9 years compared to adolescents aged 15-19 years; and periods of diagnosis in 2002-2006 and 2007-2011 compared to 2012-2017 were significantly associated with lower hazard of death in this study. Conclusion: This study provides a baseline measurement of childhood cancer survival for monitoring and evaluation of cancer control programmes, to allow planning of cancer control program strategies such as surveillance, screening, and treatment to improve childhood survival rates in Brunei Darussalam.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Leong

Ong

Jali

et al. 2020

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…Therefore, ALL patients in Syria have more frequently poor prognosis which could be due to other factors being involved in the period of the study such as the war. T-ALL is known for its poorer prognosis 12,19 . This all could explain the very high prevalence of high-risk ALL in Syria as these poor prognostic factors had a higher prevalence when comparing our study with other studies.…”

Section: Symptoms Fbc and Organomegaly Most Patients Presented Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and trends of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an epidemiology study

Kakaje

Alhalabi

Ghareeb

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer and has a high survival rate when properly managed. prognosis is correlated with many factors such as age, gender, white blood cell (WBC) count, CD10, French-American-British (FAB) classification, and many others. Many of these factors are included in this study as they play a major role in establishing the best treatment protocol. this study aims to demonstrate clinical and laboratory features of childhood ALL in Syria. they were treated at children's University Hospital, the only working major cancer centre in Syria at the time of the study. Data of 203 patients who aged 0-14 years were obtained for this study. Most patients (48.8%) aged (5-9) years with a male predominance (60.9%). The major features for ALL included lymphadenopathy (82.9%), presenting with systemic symptoms (74.9%), TALL subclass (20.2%), L2 FAB classification (36.1%), low educational levels for fathers (53%) and mothers (56.2%), having a high risk (48.4%), and having a duration of symptoms before evaluation for more than 4 weeks (42.6%). Only three (1.5%) patients had normal full blood counts (FBC) and only one (0.5%) patient had an isolated high WBC count at time of presentation. Most patients had either abnormal platelet count (89.3%) or low haemoglobin level (88.8%) when presenting with only (2.0%) having normal levels for both. This suggests that having normal haemoglobin and platelet count can be used for quick screening in crisis time like in Syria for prioritising patients. Many prognostic factors were significantly different from medical literature which emphasises the importance of local studies in the developping countries. this study included a high prevalence of Tall , L2 FAB classification, high-risk and other variables which require further studies to evaluate the aetiology of these features, especially that treatment protocols may have a higher mortality in developing countries when not adjusted to local variables.

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“…It was evident in the present study the relative predominance of male sex in the studied cases, a result which is similar to the gender distribution of childhood cancer in the United Kingdom over the years 2006-2008. [21] Reviewing a number of studies on gender distribution of childhood cancer from Singapore [30] , China [31] , United State of America [32] , Egypt [33] ,and Iran [34] , variation did exist in gender distribution of various types of childhood cancer. The variation with gender is a function of differential susceptibility, differential exposure to risk factors and variation in attributes related to study design, completeness of coverage of incident cases and others.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer of children in Basrah-Iraq: Person and time characteristics

Al-Ali¹,

Habib²,

Al-Imara³

et al. 2016

MJBU

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Background: Cancer in children though less frequent as compared to cancer in older people, evidence accumulated across the World indicates an increasing risk during the last decades. In Iraq in general and in the south of the country in particular, claims and counter claims are propagated every now and then on the childhood cancer and the proposition that environmental factors are playing a role in the increased risk (if any) is controversial. Methods: In this study data were compiled on new cancer cases diagnosed in all health care institutions in Basrah among children aged less than 15 years over an eight-year period (2004-2011). Cases were obtained mainly from the population of Basrah governorate but many cases were also visiting from neighbouring governorates. The latter were excluded from the present analysis. Results: The average annual incidence rate of all childhood cancers was 11.23 per 100000 children. Three groups of cancers occupied the top list. These are leukaemias accounting for 31.1% or 3.56 per 100000 children, lymphomas accounting for 19.6% or 2.20 per 100000 children and brain tumours accounting for 9.7% or 1.09 per 100000 children. A modest rise in the incidence rate was observed over the years 2004-2011. Conclusions: The evidence for increasing risk with time is not strong. Cancer of children, however, is a significant health problem and requires intensive health care to deal with. Multidisciplinary team research work is essential and comprehensive team approach to care is mandatory.

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Age Variance in the Survival of United States Pediatric Leukemia Patients (1973–2006)

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Rates and trends of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an epidemiology study

Cancer of children in Basrah-Iraq: Person and time characteristics

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