Ageing alters the competence of the immune system to control parasitic infection

Albright, Julia W.; Albright, Joseph F.

doi:10.1016/0165-2478(94)00066-2

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…IL-2 and IFN-γ, for example, were present at higher concentrations in the supernatants of spleen cells from younger mice (16 and 32 weeks of age). The present data agree with earlier studies describing a decrease in IL-2 production related to aging (16,28,38), although some reports have shown no significant changes or even an increase in IL-2 expression in response to mitogenic stimulation in older humans and rodents (for reviews, see Ref. 7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Aging reduces the primary humoral response and the in vitro cytokine production in mice

Simioni

Costa

Tamashiro

2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Aging is accompanied by a decrease in several physiological functions that make older individuals less responsive to environmental challenges. In the present study, we analyzed the immune response of female BALB/c mice (N = 6) of different ages (from 2 to 96 weeks) and identified significant age-related alterations. Immunization with hapten-protein (trinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin) conjugates resulted in lower antibody levels in the primary and secondary responses of old mice (72 weeks old). Moreover, young mice (2, 16, and 32 weeks old) maintained specific antibodies in their sera for longer periods after primary immunization than did old mice. However, a secondary challenge efficiently induced memory in old mice, as shown by the increased antibody levels in their sera. The number of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen increased until 8 weeks of age but there was no change in the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio with aging. Splenic T cells from old mice that had or had not been immunized were less responsive to concanavalin-A and showed reduced cytokine production compared to young mice (IL-2: 57-127 vs 367-1104 pg/mL, IFN-γ: 2344-12,836 vs 752-23,106 pg/mL and IL-10: 393-2172 vs 105-2869 pg/mL in old and young mice, respectively). These data suggest that there are significant changes in the organization of the immune system throughout life. However, the relevance of these alterations for the functioning of the immune system is unknown.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…7,15,16). Some investigators have shown an increase in IL-4 levels in mitogenstimulated cells (for reviews, see Refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging reduces the primary humoral response and the in vitro cytokine production in mice

Simioni

Costa

Tamashiro

2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Given that milk yield and kid performance were better in the multiparous does, the low degree of trypanotolerance of the latter as compared to first parity ones could be due to the age effect or to the level of production or the combination of these two factors. Indeed, there is generally an age-associated decline in the competence of the immune system vis-à-vis diseases (Albright and Albright, 1994). Concerning trypanosomosis, Osaer et al (1999) found that ewe lambs developed less severe anaemia than older ewes following T. congolense infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection and plane of nutrition on milk production and some biochemical parameters in West African Dwarf goats

et al. 2005

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The interactions of trypanosomosis and plane of nutrition on health and productivity of multiparous and primiparous West African Dwarf (WAD) does were studied in a multifactorial experiment including diet (supplementation or basal diet) and infection (infected or control). Experimental does were infected with Trypanosoma congolense at the beginning of the second week post-kidding and monitored for 16 weeks after infection. Trypanosome infection significantly reduced PCV (control: 30.1 ± 0.3 % vs infected: 22.2 ± 0.3 %; P < 0.0001). Regardless of infection, the drop in PCV from the pre-infection period to the end of the experiment was more severe in animals under restricted diet (interaction diet * period: P < 0.001). Trypanosome parasitaemia tended to be higher in the supplemented group than in the basal diet group (P > 0.05) and multiparous animals had a higher parasitaemia (score: 2.6 ± 0.1) than primiparous animals (score: 2.2 ± 0.1) (P < 0.05). Trypanosome infection as well as dietary supplement had a significant effect on lactation length. Milk off-take from trypanosome-infected does was significantly lower than that from the uninfected control group (17.5 ± 3.2 l vs 35.5 ± 3.2 l, P < 0.001) and there was a positive effect of plane of nutrition (supplemented: 32.8 ± 3.2 l and basal diet: 20.2 ± 3.5 l, P = 0.01). The drop in milk off-take due to trypanosome infection was more severe in the supplemented group (control: 46.7 ± 4.7 l vs infected: 18.9 ± 4.2 l) than in the group receiving a basal diet (control: 24.2 ± 5.0 l vs infected: 16.1 ± 4.7 l) (interaction infection *diet, P = 0.04) due to the number of does from the supplemented group that were withdrawn from the experiment. The effect of trypanosome infection on doe's live-weight was only noticeable during the first 8 weeks of lactation and there was no significant effect on offspring growth rate unless the mother died.Plasma total protein, albumin and cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced by the infection but were significantly increased by supplementation. Supplemented does had a higher level of cholesterol and a tendency for a higher parasitaemia. Does of high parity also had a higher cholesterol level than primiparous does and, based on the number of animals that were withdrawn from the experiment, they showed a lower resistance to the infection.

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“…Os idosos mais vulneráveis sofrem não só os efeitos sobre seu estado imunológico, como também as repercussões sobre seu estado nutricional. 6,7,8 As infecções por enteroparasitos podem ser controladas com eficácia, quando o estado socioeconômico de uma região e as condições sanitárias do meio ambiente são implementados e quando são implantadas outras medidas, como a educação para a saúde e a avaliação do estado nutricional da população. Tradicionalmente, a educação sanitária visa a promover os hábitos de higiene, favorecer uma nutrição adequada e criar condições ambientais condizentes ao sadio desenvolvimento físico e mental da população em geral.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A população de linfócitos T é alterada com o avanço da idade, portanto a eficiência dos monócitos/macrófagos em destruir invasores fica prejudicada. [6][7][8] Os idosos residentes nas instituições de longa permanência (ILPs) apresentam maior grau de dependência e de doenças clínicas do que os idosos que vivem na comunidade, apresentando maior risco de adquirir doenças infecciosas. As infecções respiratórias, gastrointestinais, do trato urinário e da pele estão entre as infecções mais comuns nos residentes das ILPs.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Prevalência de enteroparasitos em idosos

Ely

Engroff

Lopes

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência de parasitos intestinais em idosos que frequentam um ambulatório geriátrico de Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), e moradores de duas instituições de longa permanência (ILP) do mesmo município. Analisar a presença de enteroparasitos nos animais de estimação desses idosos. METODOLOGIA: O exame parasitológico das fezes (EPF) foi feito para diagnosticar a presença de parasitos nas fezes dos idosos e dos animais de estimação. Os métodos utilizados para a avaliação dos parasitos intestinais nas fezes foram o exame macroscópico, a técnica de sedimentação espontânea (técnica de Lutz ou Hoffman, Pons e Janer) e o método de Baermann-Moraes. As condições socioeconômicas e higiênicas dos pacientes foram avaliadas e, para aqueles que possuíam animal de estimação, foi aplicado um inquérito com os hábitos de higiene dos animais domésticos. RESULTADOS: Trezentos e dez idosos foram estudados, com idade média de 78,6 ±8,4 anos; 77,1% eram mulheres e 22,9% eram homens. A prevalência de enteroparasitos encontrada foi de 12,9% para os idosos que frequentavam o ambulatório geriátrico e 12,9% para os institucionalizados. Os resultados mostraram que não houve associação entre o animal parasitado e o seu dono, pois nenhum idoso que possuía animal de estimação parasitado apresentou positividade pelo EPF. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de enteroparasitos encontrada nos idosos estudados em Porto Alegre foi mais baixa em relação aos dados existentes. Esses resultados mostram que cada região geográfica tem suas peculiaridades socioeconômicas, ambientais e educacionais. Os inquéritos coproparasitológicos devem continuar sendo realizados nos idosos das diferentes regiões do RS e do Brasil para identificar situações particulares, com o objetivo de propor medidas sanitárias e educativas para melhorar o estado de saúde das populações idosas.

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Ageing alters the competence of the immune system to control parasitic infection

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Aging reduces the primary humoral response and the in vitro cytokine production in mice

Aging reduces the primary humoral response and the in vitro cytokine production in mice

Influence of an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection and plane of nutrition on milk production and some biochemical parameters in West African Dwarf goats

Prevalência de enteroparasitos em idosos

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