Ageing of pipe induced chlorine concentration decay: A one dimensional mass transfer modeling

Bhadula, Rakesh Chandra; Kala, Victoria; Pant, Rajesh; Kholiya, Deepak; Singh, Satya Jeet

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.670

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Chlorine-based pipe water residence time computations are prone to error because of the non-conservative nature of chlorine. Depending on the water temperature and the initial concentration, chlorine interacts with the pipe wall and leads to a non-constant decay rate, which adds errors to the residence time computations (Tinker et al, 2009;Bhadula et al, 2021;Geng et al, 2021).…”

Section: Rn As a Water Residence Time Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A longer residence time often leads to a greater probability of water contamination within the pipe network (Tinker et al, 2009;Sekozawa et al, 2013;Zlatanović et al, 2017;Geng et al, 2021;Kennedy et al, 2021). Thus, water residence time in pipe network is a variable of interest for urban water utilities; it can be determined by using methods such as hydraulic models (Tinker et al, 2009), chlorine decay model (Bhadula et al, 2021;Geng et al, 2021), or, to a lesser extent, by measuring trihalomethane, a by-product of the chlorine-organic matter interaction (Sekozawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental isotopes (δ18O–δ2H, 222Rn) and electrical conductivity in backtracking sources of urban pipe water, monitoring the stability of water quality and estimating pipe water residence time

Kebede¹,

Hailu²,

Siraj³

et al. 2023

Front. Water

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This study demonstrates the use of environmental tracers (Water isotopes-δ18O–δ2H, Radon-222Rn, and Electrical Conductivity-EC) as complementary tools for backtracking the water source, estimating pipe water residence time, and monitoring the instability of the water quality. Using the capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, as a case study site, we demonstrate that water isotopes (δ18O andδ2H) effectively backtrack the tap water to its source (springs, reservoirs, shallow aquifers, or deep aquifers). 222Rn is shown to be effective for discriminating groundwater-sourced pipe networks from those that are dominated by surface waters. Our reconnaissance survey reveals that 222Rn, a tracer previously not considered to determine the pipe water residence time, can be used effectively to determine pipe water residence time in groundwater-sourced pipe networks. We recommend further research to explore the capability of 222Rn as a robust indicator of the pipe water residence time in an urban piped water network. The tracers reveal that 50% of the city obtains its water from groundwater and that the groundwater-sourced areas of the city show the highest water quality instability. The water quality in groundwater-sourced pipes varies depending on pumping stoppage owing to power interruptions. Surface water-sourced pipe water shows seasonal variations in water quality, with occasional large deviations from the normal trends following flow interruptions.

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Section: Rn As a Water Residence Time Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%