Ageing of the Diaphragm Muscle

Bordoni, Bruno; Bruno, Marco; Simonelli, Marta

doi:10.7759/cureus.6645

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Intercostal muscle mass also decreases with age ( 29 ). The diaphragm is the most important muscle used for breathing and it is also affected by aging and sarcopenia ( 30 ). In an elderly population, transdiaphragmatic pressure, an indicator of diaphragmatic muscle activity, decreases by 20–41%, with a decline in overall respiratory muscle strength of 30% ( 30 ).…”

Section: Age-related Respiratory Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diaphragm is the most important muscle used for breathing and it is also affected by aging and sarcopenia ( 30 ). In an elderly population, transdiaphragmatic pressure, an indicator of diaphragmatic muscle activity, decreases by 20–41%, with a decline in overall respiratory muscle strength of 30% ( 30 ). Older mice have been shown to suffer a loss of maximal diaphragm muscle force and decreased muscle fiber type IIx and/or IIb size and develop diaphragm muscle sarcopenia ( 6 ).…”

Section: Age-related Respiratory Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Respiratory Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Respiratory Disability: Concepts, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Nagano

Wakabayashi

Maeda

et al. 2021

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The condition of muscle fiber atrophy and weakness that occurs in respiratory muscles along with systemic skeletal muscle with age is known as respiratory sarcopenia. The Japanese Working Group of Respiratory Sarcopenia of the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition narratively reviews these areas, and proposes the concept and diagnostic criteria. We have defined respiratory sarcopenia as "wholebody sarcopenia and low respiratory muscle mass followed by low respiratory muscle strength and/or low respiratory function." Respiratory sarcopenia can be caused by various factors such as aging, decreased activity, undernutrition, disease, cachexia, and iatrogenic causes. We have also created an algorithm for diagnosing respiratory sarcopenia. Respiratory function decreases with age in healthy older people, along with low respiratory muscle mass and strength. We have created a new term, "Presbypnea," meaning a decline in respiratory function with aging. Minor functional respiratory disability due to aging, such as that indicated by a modified Medical Research Council level 1 (troubled by shortness of breath when hurrying or walking straight up hill), is an indicator of presbypnea. We also define sarcopenic respiratory disability as "a disability with deteriorated respiratory function that results from respiratory sarcopenia." Sarcopenic respiratory disability is diagnosed if respiratory sarcopenia is present with functional disability. Cases of respiratory sarcopenia without functional disability are diagnosed as "at risk of sarcopenic respiratory disability." Functional disability is defined as a modified Medical Research Council grade of 2 or more. Rehabilitation nutrition, treatment that combines rehabilitation and nutritional management, may be adequate to prevent and treat respiratory sarcopenia and sarcopenic respiratory disability.

show abstract

Section: Age-related Respiratory Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age-related Respiratory Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Respiratory Disability: Concepts, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Nagano

Wakabayashi

Maeda

et al. 2021

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effects of aging on the control of breathing are reflected in the modifications to several neural, morphological and cellular biomarkers. These modifications include reductions in (i) the number of phrenic motor neurons ( Elliott et al, 2016 ; Fogarty et al, 2018 ) (ii) phrenic motor neuron dendritic volume ( Fogarty et al, 2018 ) (iii) brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in phrenic motoneurons ( Greising et al, 2015 ) (iv) serotonergic innervation of spinal segments in contact with the phrenic motor nucleus ( Ko et al, 1997 ) (v) the neurotrophic influence on diaphragmatic neuregulin ( Bordoni et al, 2020 ) (vi) transdiaphragmatic pressure ( Khurram et al, 2018 ; Polkey et al, 1997 ; Tolep et al, 1995 ) and (vii) reductions in the force generating capacity of the diaphragm ( Greising et al, 2013 ; Khurram et al, 2018 ). In addition, aging is also linked to increases in phrenic nerve latency ( Behan et al, 2002 ; Bordoni et al, 2020 ; Elliott et al, 2016 ; Shah et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Factors That Impact the Magnitude Of Respiratory Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular responses to intermittent hypoxia in humans

Puri

Panza

Mateika

2021

Experimental Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review explores forms of respiratory and autonomic plasticity, and associated outcome measures, that are initiated by exposure to intermittent hypoxia. The review focuses primarily on studies that have been completed in humans and primarily explores the impact of mild intermittent hypoxia on outcome measures. Studies that have explored two forms of respiratory plasticity, progressive augmentation of the hypoxic ventilatory response and long-term facilitation of ventilation and upper airway muscle activity, are initially reviewed. The role these forms of plasticity might have in sleep disordered breathing are also explored. Thereafter, the role of intermittent hypoxia in the initiation of autonomic plasticity is reviewed and the role this form of plasticity has in cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses during and following intermittent hypoxia is addressed. The role of these responses in individuals with sleep disordered breathing and spinal cord injury are subsequently addressed. Ultimately an integrated picture of the respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular responses to intermittent hypoxia is presented. The goal of the integrated picture is to address the types of responses that one might expect in humans exposed to one-time and repeated daily exposure to mild intermittent hypoxia. This form of intermittent hypoxia is highlighted because of its potential therapeutic impact in promoting functional improvement and recovery in several physiological systems.

show abstract

“…The diaphragm muscle is the most important contractile district used for breathing ( Bordoni et al, 2020 ). The diaphragm muscle is involved in core stabilization together with trunk flexor, extensor, lateral flexor, and rotator muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between isometric muscle strength and respiratory functions of the Turkish National Paralympic Goalball Team

Balcı¹,

Akınoğlu²,

Kocahan³

et al. 2021

J Exerc Rehabil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Goalball is a unique sport for only blind and visually disabled people to prevent physical inactivity and its harmful consequences. Determining the profile of physical fitness parameters and their relationship is crucial for all sports discipline. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics and the relationship between isometric muscle strength and respiratory functions. A total of 14 (10 female, four male athletes) goalball athletes were included in the study. Upper-extremity, lower-extremity and trunk isometric muscle strength and pulmonary function tests measurements were performed to the athletes on two different days. The relationship between parameters was evaluated by Spearman correlation test. Strength and pulmonary function parameters were higher in male athletes ( P <0.05). A medium/strong/very strong correlation was found between respiratory function and upper extremity isometric muscle strength ( r =0.529–0.917, P <0.05). A moderate/strong correlation was found between lower extremity isometric muscle strength and respiratory function ( r =0.534–0.867, P <0.05). A moderate correlation was found between trunk isometric muscle strength and respiratory function ( r =0.538–0.640, P <0.05). It was seen that respiratory functions were associated with upper-lower extremity and trunk muscle strength. With this result, the idea arises that strength exercises can affect the improvement of respiratory function in individuals with disabilities, which is very important for both overall health and sports performance.

show abstract

Ageing of the Diaphragm Muscle

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Respiratory Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Respiratory Disability: Concepts, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Respiratory Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Respiratory Disability: Concepts, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A comprehensive review of respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular responses to intermittent hypoxia in humans

The relationships between isometric muscle strength and respiratory functions of the Turkish National Paralympic Goalball Team

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About