Ageing with spinal cord injury: cross-sectional and longitudinal effects

Weitzenkamp, DA; Rh, Jones; Gg, Whiteneck; Da, Young

doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101146

Cited by 68 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Shoulder and upper limb pain were more prevalent in the age group of 50-o60 years, which could be due to the ageing process and due to the higher perception of pain by older individuals. 2,7,12,13 The existing literature supports the finding of association of pain and age, with greater pain intensity being found to be associated with older age. 7,12,13 The reason could be the decrease in plasticity of the central nervous system with age, as far as neurogenic pain is concerned, as well as overuse of supra-lesional joints leading to osteo-articular pains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Pain after paraplegia: a survey in India

Gupta¹,

Solomon

Raja

2009

Spinal Cord

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Study design: A postal survey. Objective: To ascertain the incidence of pain in individuals with paraplegia in India and to associate it with demographic characteristics. Setting: India. Method: The study was done by means of a questionnaire. This questionnaire was mailed to the identified individuals (n ¼ 600) on the addresses obtained from the medical records section of hospitals and from various organizations. Data analysis was done by using non-parametric tests of association. Results: The return rate was 46% (276/600). Fifty-seven percent of individuals complained of pain. Of this, pain in the back and chest ranked the highest (30.1%), followed by pain below the level of lesion (6.9%), pain in the shoulder and upper limb (4.7%) and neck (0.4%). Fifteen percent of individuals complained of pain at multiple sites. We found a significant association of pain with age, duration since injury and ambulation. Conclusion: More than half of the subjects complained of pain in the study. Pain was found to be associated with age, duration since injury and ambulation. As pain has a dramatic effect on a subjects' quality of life, there is a need to evaluate it in detail and treat accordingly with preventive, rehabilitative or surgical procedures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Pain after paraplegia: a survey in India

Gupta¹,

Solomon

Raja

2009

Spinal Cord

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“…18 It is also likely that those potential participants who had died would have had a very different ageing experience from the study participants. 10 Finally, it is important to acknowledge that these results cannot be generalized to the SCI population as the study sample was drawn from incomplete archival records of people from only one geographical area. In addition, the sample consisted of a greater percentage of people with a higher level of neurological impairment when compared to those who chose not to participate and to the overall sample from which they were drawn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Two impairment measures (primary and secondary), one activity measure and one participation measure were chosen to reflect the three components of disability. Primary impairments were measured according to neurological level and completeness of injury, based on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification system, 10 with scores re-ordered so that higher scores reflecting more function. That is, a score of 1 denotes functionally complete tetraplegia (Tetra ASIA ABC), 2 functionally complete paraplegia (Para ASIA ABC) and 3 SCI at any level (all ASIA D) with functional neurological sparing such that ambulation is typically possible.…”

Section: Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between quality of life and disability across the lifespan for people with spinal cord injury

et al. 2008

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Study design: Prospective cross-sectional survey. Objectives: To compare quality of life (QOL) for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their ablebodied peers and to investigate the relationship between QOL and disability (impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions) across the lifespan, for people with SCI. Setting: A community outreach service for people with SCI in Queensland, Australia. Methods: A random sample of 270 individuals who sustained SCI during the past 60 years was surveyed using a guided telephone interview format. The sample was drawn from the archival records of a statewide rehabilitation service. QOL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-Bref, impairment was measured according to the American Spinal Injury Association classification and the Secondary Condition Surveillance Instrument, activity limitations using the motor subscale of the Functional Independence Measure and participation restrictions using the Community Integration Measure. Lifespan was considered in terms of age and time since injury. Correlation and regression analyses were employed to determine the relationship between QOL and components of disability across the lifespan. Results: QOL was significantly poorer for people with SCI compared to the Australian norm. It was found to be associated with secondary impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions but not with neurological level, age or time since injury. The single most important predictor of QOL was secondary impairments whereas the second most important predictor was participation. Conclusion: To optimize QOL across the lifespan, rehabilitation services must maintain their focus on functional attainment and minimizing secondary conditions, although at the same time enabling participation.

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“…When significant, positive associations (older age or more duration) were found for chronic pain, pressure ulcers, bladder problems, autonomic dysreflexia, spasms, fecal incontinence and heterotopic ossification. Significant negative associations (younger age associated with higher frequency or severity) were Age: greater age is sometimes assoc w/more pain 40,47,49,55,65,66 and sometimes not. 43,56,63,67 Duration: duration assoc w/more hip pain, 66 but not with pain in general or shoulder pain; 48,56,63 one study found a U-shaped curve, with more arm pain o5 years and 420 years after injury and less pain 5-19 years after injury.…”

Section: Prevalence and Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and age effects of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord injury: a scoping review

et al. 2013

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Study design: Scoping review. Objectives: To gain a better understanding of the prevalence, course and association with age of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Seattle, Washington, USA. Methods: We performed searches of electronic databases for studies published from 1986-2011 that provided information regarding the prevalence, course or associations with age and duration of secondary health conditions in individuals with SCI. Results: Ninety-two studies were included. The findings indicate that: (1) individuals with SCI experience a number of secondary health conditions, many of which occur at a higher rate in those with SCI than the normative population; (2) the most common conditions or symptoms are pain, bowel and bladder regulation problems, muscle spasms, fatigue, esophageal symptom and osteoporosis; (3) a number of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, bone mineral density loss, fatigue and respiratory complications or infections, occur with higher frequency in older individuals or those with longer SCI duration, relative to younger individuals or those with shorter SCI duration; and (4) there is a marked lack of longitudinal research examining the natural course of health conditions in individuals aging with SCI. Conclusions: The findings support the conclusion that individuals with SCI show signs of 'premature aging' in different organ systems. Longitudinal research is needed to understand when problems are most likely to emerge, and to develop and test the efficacy of interventions to prevent these health conditions and their negative impact.

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Ageing with spinal cord injury: cross-sectional and longitudinal effects

Cited by 68 publications

References 52 publications

Pain after paraplegia: a survey in India

Pain after paraplegia: a survey in India

The relationship between quality of life and disability across the lifespan for people with spinal cord injury

Frequency and age effects of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord injury: a scoping review

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