“…Most organizational and technology-based manufacturing systems are hierarchical in nature (Alvandi, Bienert, Li, & Kara, 2015) (He, Zhang, & Li, 2014), and the deployments of HHM have effectively addressed the risks at these multiple levels (Haimes, Kaplan, & Lambert, 2002). During the decomposition process of HHM, two major types of risks will ultimately come to light: those resulting from 1) exogenous events such as new legislation or natural disasters, and 2) endogenous events such as hardware, software, organizational, and human failures (Haimes, 2009).…”