Agent-Based Models for Higher-Order Theory of Mind

Weerd, Harmen de; Verbrugge, Rineke; Verheij, Bart

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39829-2_19

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We make use of agent-based computational models to investigate how higher-order theory of mind can help agents to set up communication. Agent-based models have previously been used to explore the origins of communication (Steels, 2003;ScottPhillips, Kirby, & Ritchie, 2009;De Bie, Scott-Phillips, Kirby, & Verheij, 2010;Steels, 2011), as well as to determine the effectiveness of higher order of theory of mind in competitive settings (De Weerd, Verbrugge, & Verheij, 2013) and mixed-motive settings (De Weerd, Verbrugge, & Verheij, 2014). By simulating interactions between computational agents, we can determine how the theory of mind abilities of these agents influences their performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Higher-order theory of mind in the Tacit Communication Game

Weerd

Verbrugge

Verheij

2015

Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Higher-order theory of mind in the Tacit Communication Game

Weerd

Verbrugge

Verheij

2015

Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures

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“…Based on our previous results in the one-shot variation of Colored Trails [16], we expect that theory of mind will provide agents with significant advantages over agents that are more limited in their theory of mind abilities. More specifically, we expect agents that are capable of a higher orders of theory of mind to be able to manipulate the beliefs of their trading partner in order to achieve higher individual scores than agents that are more limited in their theory of mind abilities.…”

Section: Colored Trailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, many of the domains in the GENIUS framework [44] can be directly implemented as a Colored Trails setting. Our specific setting is similar to the one we used previously to test the effectiveness of higherorder theory of mind in single-shot negotiations [16]. The game is played by two players on a square board consisting of 25 tiles that are randomly assigned one of five possible colors, such as the board in Fig.…”

Section: Colored Trailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our earlier research into the effectiveness of higherorder theory of mind shows that in repeated one-shot interactions in the negotiation game Colored Trails, agents that made use of first-order and second-order theory of mind managed to negotiate a larger piece of pie for themselves than agents of a lower order of theory of mind, while no additional advantage for even higher orders of theory of mind was found [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current paper, we extend the agent model of [16] and investigate more realistic mixed-motive settings in which individuals engage in multiple rounds of negotiation. Using agent-based computational models, we simulate agents that alternate in making offers until an agreement is reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negotiating with other minds: the role of recursive theory of mind in negotiation with incomplete information

Weerd

Verbrugge

Verheij

2015

Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst

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Theory of mind refers to the ability to reason explicitly about unobservable mental content of others, such as beliefs, goals, and intentions. People often use this ability to understand the behavior of others as well as to predict future behavior. People even take this ability a step further, and use higher-order theory of mind by reasoning about the way others make use of theory of mind and in turn attribute mental states to different agents. One of the possible explanations for the emergence of the cognitively demanding ability of higher-order theory of mind suggests that it is needed to deal with mixed-motive situations. Such mixed-motive situations involve partially overlapping goals, so that both cooperation and competition play a role. In this paper, we consider a particular mixed-motive situation known as Colored Trails, in which computational agents negotiate using alternating offers with incomplete information about the preferences of their trading partner. In this setting, we determine to what extent higher-order theory of mind is beneficial to computational agents. Our results show limited effectiveness of first-order theory of mind, while second-order theory of mind turns out to benefit agents greatly by allowing them to reason about the way they can communicate their interests. Additionally, we let human participants negotiate with computational agents of different orders of theory of mind. These experiments show that people spontaneously make use of second-order theory of mind in negotiations when their trading partner is capable of second-order theory of mind as well.

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Computational Theory of Mind for Human-Agent Coordination

Erdogan

Dignum

Verbrugge

et al. 2022

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Agent-Based Models for Higher-Order Theory of Mind

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Higher-order theory of mind in the Tacit Communication Game

Higher-order theory of mind in the Tacit Communication Game

Negotiating with other minds: the role of recursive theory of mind in negotiation with incomplete information

Computational Theory of Mind for Human-Agent Coordination

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