“…Besides many other fields, it is now seen in geography, urban planning, and urban studies. For instance, agent-based models have been exploited to reproduce the evolution of the urban form (Stanilov & Batty, 2011); to model characteristic urban dynamics, including segregation, gentrification, and informal settlements (Patel et al, 2012;Picascia et al, 2015;Schelling, 1971); to plan urban land use (Ligtenberg et al, 2001;Zidar et al, 2017); to study the housing market (e.g., Yun & Moon, 2020;Zhang & Li, 2014), residential search behaviour (Huang et al, 2014), and the sharing economy (Overwater & Yorke-Smith, 2022); and more broadly in participatory urban planning (Ampatzidou et al, 2018). Hölscher and Frantzeskaki (2021, p. 1) categorise research about urban transformations into three categories: "in cities" studies "diverse factors, processes and dynamics driving place-based transformations"; "of cities" studies "outcomes of transformative changes in urban (sub-)systems"; and "by cities" studies "changes taking place on global and regional levels as a result of urbanisation and urban development approaches."…”