Agglomeration inhibition engineering of nickel–cobalt alloys by a sacrificial template for efficient urea electrolysis

Co-doped MnS/NiS/Ni3S2 grown in situ on hydrophilic nickel foam for energy-efficient urea-assisted alkaline hydrogen production

“…14,16–18 Nevertheless, the complexity of UOR is a challenge, including its sluggish kinetics due to its six-electron transfer process, which requires the use of highly active catalysts to promote the reaction rate. 19–21 In this case, although noble metal (such as Pt, 11 Ru 22 and Rh 23 )-based catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity for UOR and HER, future large-scale energy systems demand alternative catalysts with low cost, high reserves and high catalytic performance. Accordingly, the development of bifunctional non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts that can act as both efficient anodic UOR and cathodic HER catalysts will simplify the system and reduce the production costs.…”

4f–2p–3d Orbital Coupling in Ce–Ni3S2 Enhancing the Urea Oxidation Reaction

“…Theoretical investigations have demonstrated that Ni compounds have strong adsorption to carbon oxides (CO and CO 2 ), which raises the energy barrier of *CO oxidation and *CO 2 desorption. , Transition metal doping is considered a promising approach to solve this problem . For example, Ni-based catalysts doped with manganese, cobalt, − molybdenum, , ruthenium, and tungsten have been used to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of Ni sites. The metal dopants can regulate the electronic structure of Ni atoms via charge transfer. , The Ni-WO x reported by Zhang and co-workers showed excellent performance (100 mA cm –2 at 1.4 V) due to the weakened adsorption of the *CO 2 intermediate …”