Agglutination, Cross-Agglutination, and Agglutinin Absorption in Tularæmia

Francis, Edward; Evans, Alice C.

doi:10.2307/4577917

Cited by 67 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Sensitivity and specificity of MAT with stained antigen have been demonstrated to be comparable or superior to those of the standard tube agglutination test with unstained antigen (Francis and Evans, 1926) in both Francisella (Massey and Mangiafico, 1974;Brown et al, 1980;Sato et al, 1990) and Brucella (Bettelheim et al, 1983;Moyer et al, 1987;Rogers et al, 1989;Sato et al, 1990). We can confirm that MAT compared with the standard tube agglutination 'macrotest' is quicker, easier to perform, more economical (saving sera and antigens) as well as better readable when the sera are haemolytic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microplates were gently shaken, placed in an incubator at 37ºC for 4 hours, and then at +4ºC overnight for a final reading. Sera positive (with a typical agglutinate in a dilution of at least 1 : 10) in MAT were checked in a standard agglutination test (Francis and Evans, 1926) on WHO plates or in glass tubes, using 200-µl volumes of serum and unstained antigen F. tularensis or B. abortus (Bioveta).…”

Section: Microagglutination Test (Mat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological survey of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) for tularaemia and brucellosis in South Moravia, Czech Republic

Hubálek¹,

Treml²,

Juricová³

et al. 2002

Vet. Med.

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Sera of 204 wild boars (Sus scrofa), shot by hunters in the South-Moravian district of Břeclav during 1993-2001, were tested by microagglutination reaction using safranin-stained antigens of Francisella tularensis and Brucella abortus: 10.8% and 8.7% seroreactors, respectively, were detected. The highest (17%) prevalence of tularaemia antibodies was found in wild boars during 1993-1994 at the beginning of a widespread outbreak of tularaemia in South Moravia that started in 1994, a nonsignificantly lower (13%) seroprevalence in 1995-1996 during the continuing epizootic, whereas it decreased markedly to 3% in the years 1997-2001 during the disappearance of the epizootic. Brucella sp. antibodies were significantly most frequent (15%) in wild boars in the years 1995-1996. This Brucella seroreactivity has been attributed to B. suis biotype 2 (B. melitensis biovar Suis biotype 2 according to new nomenclature) infection, because B. abortus in both cattle and humans (Bang's disease) was eradicated in the former Czechoslovakia in 1964. The hare brucellosis (B. suis biotype 2) has occurred in the Břeclav district in a number of natural foci revealing an increased activity since 1994.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microagglutination Test (Mat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) for tularaemia and brucellosis in South Moravia, Czech Republic

Hubálek¹,

Treml²,

Juricová³

et al. 2002

Vet. Med.

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“…The tube agglutination test shows high sensitivity and specificity. Cross reactions may only be seen with serum from patients with brucellosis and yersiniosis [5,78,79]. A four-fold increase of the titre or a titre ¢160 of agglutinating antibodies confirms a clinical suspicion of tularaemia.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Due to the recovery of the agent from human blood, the disease was named tularaemia. Francis developed culture-based and serological diagnostic methods for tularaemia and described laboratory-acquired human cases, thereby identifying the organism as a laboratory hazard [4][5][6]. The agent was renamed Francisella tularensis [7] to honour the achievements of E. Francis. In 1925, during an intense period of research on tularaemia by Francis, Hachiro Ohara described a disease in Japan, similar in clinical expression to tularaemia [8].…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularaemia

Tärnvik¹,

Berglund²

2003

Eur Respir J

239

215

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Tularaemia is a zoonotic bacterial disease of the Northern hemisphere. The causative agent,Francisella tularensis, is spread to humans by direct contact with infected rodents or lagomorphs, aerogenic exposure, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by arthropod bites. The prevalence of tularaemia shows a wide geographic variation. In some endemic regions, outbreaks occur frequently, whereas nearby rural parts of a country may be completely free.F. tularensisis a facultative intracellular pathogen and its primary mammalian target cell is the mononuclear phagocyte. When tularaemia is acquiredviathe skin, a primary ulcer is often detected and in general, regional lymph nodes become prominently enlarged. When contracted by inhalation, the disease may present with pneumonia. Nearly as frequent, however, is the development of fever and general illness with no respiratory symptoms and no pulmonary radiological changes. When present, the changes vary widely and may sometimes include hilar enlargement indistinguishable from that of lymphoma.Within an outbreak, the first case of tularaemia is not always readily diagnosed. A decade may have lapsed since the disease was encountered and its existence may be more or less forgotten. The difficulty refers especially to the respiratory form, in which symptoms are less specific. In cases of atypical pneumonia or acute febrile disease with no local symptoms, a history of exposure to hares or rodents or merely living in an endemic region should be sufficient to include tularaemia among differential diagnoses.The microbiological diagnosis of tularaemia relies mainly on serology, and the treatment on broad-spectrum antibiotics. For decades, a live vaccine has been successfully used in risk groups but is presently not available due to difficulties in standardisation.

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“…and Yersinia enterocolitica serotype IX has been well characterized (Ahvonen, Jansson & Aho, 1969;Corbel & Cullen, 1970;Diaz, Lacalle, Medrano & Leong, 1970;Hurvell, Ahvonen & Thal, 1971;Rusu et al 1970;Akkermans & Hill, 1971;Fribourg-Blanc, 1971;Pop, Cerbu, Pop & Draghici, 1972). Serological cross-reactions between Brucella strains and organisms of other genera have also been described from time to time (Francis & Evans, 1926;Starr & Snider, 1934;Wong & Chow, 1937;Shklair & Stafseth, 1954;Feeley, 1969). Most of these cross-reactions have been low-grade and unlikely to present serious problems in diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The serological relationship betweenBrucellaspp.,Yersinia enterocoliticaserotype IX andSalmonellaserotypes of Kauffmann-White group N

1975

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe serological relationship between Brucella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica IX, and the group N salmonella serotypes S. godesberg, S. landau, S. morehead, S. neusdorf, S. soerenga and S. urbana was examined using agglutination, antiglobulin, complement fixation, immunodiffusion and fluorescent antibody methods.Antisera to the group N salmonella serotypes all reacted to significant titres in agglutination and complement fixation, but not antiglobulin or immunodiffusion tests with smooth brucella antigens. These antisera also reacted in agglutination, but not antiglobulin, tests with Y. enterocolitica IX. They did not react significantly in any tests with rough brucella antigens.Conversely, antisera to smooth Brucella spp. agglutinated group N salmonellas to low titre and Y. enterocolitica IX to titres similar to those given against the homologous strain. Antiserum to Y. enterocolitica IX on the other hand reacted with smooth brucella antigens to high titre in agglutination, complement fixation and antiglobulin tests, and with the group N salmonella antigens to substantial titres in agglutination tests.In direct fluorescent antibody tests, smooth Brucella strains and Y. enterocolitica IX reacted strongly with FITC-labelled antibody to Br. abortus whereas the group N salmonella strains reacted weakly.In tests with monospecific antisera to the A and M determinants of Br. abortus and Br. melitensis respectively, Y. enterocolitica IX reacted only with the antiserum to the A determinant whereas group N salmonellas reacted to low titre with both A and M antisera.The results of cross-absorption tests confirmed this relationship and suggested that the 030 antigens of group N salmonella serotypes contained antigenic determinants similar to, but not identical with, the antigenic structure shared by smooth Brucella spp. and Y. enterocolitica IX.

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Agglutination, Cross-Agglutination, and Agglutinin Absorption in Tularæmia

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Serological survey of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) for tularaemia and brucellosis in South Moravia, Czech Republic

Serological survey of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) for tularaemia and brucellosis in South Moravia, Czech Republic

Tularaemia

The serological relationship betweenBrucellaspp.,Yersinia enterocoliticaserotype IX andSalmonellaserotypes of Kauffmann-White group N

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