Aggregate-associated N and global warming potential of conservation agriculture-based cropping of maize-wheat system in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains

Bhattacharyya, Ranjan; Bhatia, Arti; Das, Tapas K.; Lata, Sneh; Kumar, Amit; Tomer, Ritu; Singh, Gurbachan; Kumar, Sunil; Biswas, A. K.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2018.05.002

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It has therefore been regarded as the foundation of soil quality and function 1 . Farmland SOC sequestration is closely related to the reduction of CO 2 emissions 4 , the enhancement of soil fertilization, the maintenance of soil structure 5 , and the promotion of microbial diversity 6 , 7 , among other items. Hence, it is the decisive factor affecting the quality of cultivated land and crop yield 1 , 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tillage and straw return on water-stable aggregates, carbon stabilization and crop yield in an estuarine alluvial soil

Song

Zheng

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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In China, the average soil organic carbon (SOC) content of cultivated land is 30% less than the world average. Therefore, cultivation management-induced changes in SOC dynamics are necessary, especially in estuarine alluvial islands, where the SOC stocks are limited. We studied the effect of different combinations of tillage, fertilization and straw return on C distribution in different soil aggregates and on crop yield on an estuarine alluvial soil in eastern China. Compared to conventional tillage, conservation tillage (no-tillage coupled with straw return) increased water-stable large macroaggregates (>2 mm) by 35.18%, small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) by 33.52% and microaggregates by 25.10% in the topsoil (0–20 cm). The subsoil (20–40 cm) also showed the same trend. Compared to conventional tillage without straw return, large and, small macroaggregates and microaggregates in conservation tillage were increased by 24.52%, 28.48% and 18.12%, respectively. Straw return also caused a significant increase in aggregate-associated carbon (aggregate-associated C). No-tillage coupled with straw return had more total aggregate-associated C within all the aggregate fractions in the topsoil. But the different is that conventional tillage with straw return resulted in more aggregate-associated C than conservation tillage in the subsoil. No-tillage combined with straw return (T8) produced the highest carbon preservation capacity (CPC) of macroaggregates and microaggregates in the topsoil. A considerable proportion of the SOC was found to be stocked in the small macroaggregates under both topsoil (74.56%) and subsoil (67.09%). The CPC was highest (19.17 g·kg−1) in small macroaggregates. However, no-tillage and straw return had less potential to sustain crop yield than did the conventional tillage practices; with the average rice and wheat yield correspondingly decreased by 10.63% and 7.82% in three years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tillage and straw return on water-stable aggregates, carbon stabilization and crop yield in an estuarine alluvial soil

Song

Zheng

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…SA agriculture is especially vulnerable to climate change (Chattaraj et al, 2014) and therefore, known for global hotspot of future climate vulnerability (Jat et al, 2020). CA practices are widely promoted in SA countries as it is expected to be more resilient to weather-induced stresses owing to climate change (Jat et al, 2012;Bhattacharyya et al, 2018). As rice-wheat cropping systems is the largely adopted cropping system in SA countries, most of the GHG emission studies from CA practices are concentrated in rice-wheat system (Kumar et al, 2018;Sapkota et al, 2018;Jat et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Ca On Greenhouse Gas Emission and Global Warminmentioning

confidence: 99%

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

Somasundaram

Sinha

Dalal

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

106

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Of late, intensive farming for higher food production is often associated with many negative implications for soil systems, such as decline of soil organic matter (SOM), increase in risks of soil erosion by wind and/or water, decline in soil biological diversity, increase in degradation of soil physical quality, lower nutrient-use efficiency, high risks of groundwater pollution, falling water tables, increasing salinization and waterlogging, in-field burning of crop residues, pollution of air and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), leading to global warming, and decline in factor productivity. These negative implications necessitate an objective review of strategies to develop sustainable management practices, which could not only sustain soil health and ensure food security, but also enhance carbon sequestration, decrease GHG emissions, and offer clean and better ecosystem services. Conservation agriculture (CA), that includes reduced or no-till practices along with crop residue retention and mixed crop rotations, offers multiple benefits. Adoption of a system-based CA conserves water, improves and creates more efficient use of natural resources through the integrated management of available soil nutrients, water, and biological resources, and enhances use efficiency of external inputs. Due to apparent benefits of CA, it is increasingly being adopted and now covers about 180 million hectares (Mha) worldwide. However, in South Asia its spread is low (<5 Mha), mostly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). In this region, one of the serious issues is "residue burning" with severe environmental impacts. A huge amount of crop residue left over after the combine harvest of rice has forced farmers to practice widespread residue burning ($140 M tonnes) to cope with excessive stubble and also for timely planting/sowing of succeeding crops. In rice-wheat cropping systems, which cover more than 10 Mha in the IGP, CA practices are relatively more accepted by farmers. In these systems, any delay in sowing leads to yield penalty of 1-1.5% per day after the optimum sowing date of wheat. The strong adoption of CA practices in IGP is mainly to overcome delayed sowing due to the field preparation and control of weeds, timely planting, and also escape from terminal heat during the grain-filling stage. Major challenges to CA adoption in South Asia are small land holdings (<1 ha), low technological reach to farmers, nonavailability of suitable farm implements for small farm holders, and the staunch conventional farming mind-set. South Asia region consists of many countries of diverse agro-ecologies with contrasting farming systems and management. This region, recently known for rapid economic growth and increasing population, necessitates higher food production and also hot-spots for adoption of CA technologies. Therefore, in this review critically explores the possibility, extent of area, prospects, challenges, and benefits of CA in South Asia. HIGHLIGHTS Conservation agriculture (CA), consisting of reduced or no-tillage a...

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“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) that is emitted from agricultural fields [1]. The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere has substantially exceeded, by about 40%, that of pre-industrial levels [1][2][3][4][5]. Forests, agricultural crops, soil and water bodies contribute towards the reduction in CO 2 and act as major sinks [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forests, agricultural crops, soil and water bodies contribute towards the reduction in CO 2 and act as major sinks [6][7][8][9]. Quantification of exchange of CO 2 between agricultural soils and the atmosphere is important in order to assess the global carbon budgets as CO 2 accounted for 76% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2010 [1][2][3][4][5]10]. Rice (Oriyza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are the two important crops that are essential for global food security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Ecosystem Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Rice-Spring Wheat System of Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains

Kumar

Bhatia²,

Sehgal³

et al. 2021

Land

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Rice growing under anaerobic conditions followed by spring wheat under an aerobic environment differentially impact the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in rice-wheat systems of the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). This is the first estimation of the NEE in a rice-spring wheat sequence via the eddy covariance technique in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains, which was partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) and correlated with the environmental variables. Higher CO2 uptake of −10.43 g C m−2 d−1 was observed in wheat during heading as compared to −7.12 g C m−2 d−1 in rice. The net uptake of CO2 was 25% lower in rice. The average daily NEE over the crop season was −3.74 and −5.01 g C m−2 d−1 in rice and wheat, respectively. The RE varied from 0.07–9.00 g C m−2 d−1 in rice and from 0.05–7.09 g C m−2 d−1 in wheat. The RE was positively correlated with soil temperature at 5 cm depth (0.543, p < 0.01) in rice and with air temperature (0.294, p < 0.01) in wheat. The GPP was positively correlated with air temperature (0.129, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (−0.315, p < 0.01) in rice. In wheat, GPP was positively correlated with air temperature (0.444, p < 0.01) and soil moisture (0.471, p < 0.01). The rate of GPP over the crop duration was nearly the same in both rice and wheat, however, the RE was higher in rice as compared to wheat, thus, the ratio of cumulative RE/GPP was 0.51 in rice and much lower at 0.34 in spring wheat. Rice contributed 46% and 43% to the annual totals of RE and GPP, respectively, while spring wheat contributed 36% and 51%. The NEE of CO2 was higher in spring wheat at −576 g C m−2 d−1 as compared to −368 g C m−2 in rice. Thus, while estimating the carbon sink potential in the intensively cultivated northern IGP, we need to consider that spring wheat may be a moderately stronger sink of CO2 as compared to rice in the rice-wheat system.

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Aggregate-associated N and global warming potential of conservation agriculture-based cropping of maize-wheat system in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains

Cited by 39 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of tillage and straw return on water-stable aggregates, carbon stabilization and crop yield in an estuarine alluvial soil

Effects of tillage and straw return on water-stable aggregates, carbon stabilization and crop yield in an estuarine alluvial soil

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

Net Ecosystem Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Rice-Spring Wheat System of Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains

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