Aggregate exposure modelling of vitamin A from cosmetic products, diet and food supplements

Tozer, S.; O’Mahony, Cian; Hannah, Jen; O’Brien, John; Kelly, Seamus; Kosemund-Meynen, Kirstin; Alexander-White, Camilla

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.057

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For topically applied cosmetic ingredients, the systemic exposure is adjusted according to the skin absorption of the substance. Exposure assessments have been conducted to evaluate the safety of a single ingredient that is present in multiple product types, e.g., parabens (Ouedraogo et al 2022 ), or in multiple product types and in the diet, e.g., vitamin A (Tozer et al 2019 ) and aluminium (SCCS 2022a ). Notably, the prediction of the systemic aggregate exposure to aluminium considers multiple aluminium compounds and their equivalent stoichiometric ratios of aluminium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to derive a metabolism factor for estimating the aggregate exposure to salicylic acid after dermal exposure of its esters

Najjar,

Grégoire,

Nicol

et al. 2024

Arch Toxicol

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As part of the safety assessment of salicylate esters in cosmetics, we developed a metabolism factor based on in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) to provide a better estimation of the aggregate internal exposure to the common metabolite, salicylic acid. Optimal incubation conditions using human liver S9 were identified before measuring salicylic acid formation from 31 substances. Four control substances, not defined as salicylic esters but which could be mistaken as such due to their nomenclature, did not form salicylic acid. For the remaining substances, higher in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint, in vitro) values generally correlated with lower LogP values. A “High-Throughput Pharmacokinetic” (HTPK) model was used to extrapolate CLint, in vitro values to human in vivo clearance and half-lives. The latter were used to calculate the percentage of substance metabolised to salicylic acid in 24 h in vivo following human exposure to the ester, i.e. the “metabolism factor”. The IVIVE model correctly reproduced the observed elimination rate of 3 substances using in silico or in vitro input parameters. For other substances, in silico only-based predictions generally resulted in lower metabolism factors than when in vitro values for plasma binding and liver S9 CLint, in vitro were used. Therefore, in vitro data input provides the more conservative metabolism factors compared to those derived using on in silico input. In conclusion, these results indicate that not all substances contribute equally (or at all) to the systemic exposure to salicylic acid. Therefore, we propose a realistic metabolism correction factor by which the potential contribution of salicylate esters to the aggregate consumer exposure to salicylic acid from cosmetic use can be estimated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to derive a metabolism factor for estimating the aggregate exposure to salicylic acid after dermal exposure of its esters

Najjar,

Grégoire,

Nicol

et al. 2024

Arch Toxicol

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“…Vitamins, one the most-known antioxidants used in the cosmetics industry, are naturally occurring in human skin, where they prevent lipid peroxidation at the cell membrane level, stabilizing especially those membranes with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids [15]. Vitamin A (Vit A) is a generic term for a family of organic lipid-soluble retinal 2 of 14 that is essential for the performance of multiple biological functions, such as normal growth and development [16]. The most effective forms of Vit A are retinal and retinol, which contain an aldehyde or an alcohol end group, respectively [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Investigation of the SPF and Antioxidant Properties of O/W and W/O Emulsions Containing Vitamins A, C and E for Cosmetic Applications

Bikiaris,

Koumentakou,

Hatzistamatiou

et al. 2023

Cosmetics

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In the current work, Oil in Water (O/W) and Water in Oil (W/O) emulsions containing Vitamins A, C and E in 0.5, 1 and 2% wt concentrations were prepared. The pH and viscosity stability over storage, as well as the sunscreen and antioxidant properties of the obtained emulsions, were investigated. The results obtained showed that vitamins slightly increased the pH of the blank emulsions; however, their pH values were within the acceptable values (pH = 4–6). Nevertheless, all emulsions presented excellent pH stability during storage for up to 90 days. Similar results were observed by rheological measurements as the prepared emulsions did not exhibit viscosity instabilities deriving during storage. Moreover, emulsions containing Vitamin A exhibited higher UV protection than the other emulsions, as the W/O emulsion containing 2% wt Vitamin A presented the highest SPF value at 22.6.

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Toxicology of Cosmetics

Santamaria,

Hirani,

Kozal

et al. 2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Cosmetics are personal care products that are designed to be applied to the body for the purpose of cleaning, protecting, beautifying, and producing a healthy appearance or altering appearance without changing the body's physiology. The seven categories of cosmetics include oral, skin, sun, hair, and body care products, as well as decorative cosmetics and perfumes. There are millions of cosmetic products in the marketplace, and new products are constantly introduced. Cosmetic products are not subjected to premarket evaluation and approval like food or drug products by the federal government in the United States (US). However, some states are implementing laws and regulations that are specific to cosmetic products. For example, California is the first state to ban specific ingredients from being included in any cosmetic product manufactured or sold in the state. Further, unlike in the US, preregistration of cosmetics is required in the European Union (EU). Specifically, before cosmetic products are placed or made available on the EU market, responsible persons must submit specific product information to the Cosmetic Product Notification Portal (CPNP), which then makes this information available to EU authorities and poison control centers. This chapter reviews the history of cosmetics, types of cosmetics and ingredients, contaminants in cosmetics, cosmetic ingredients of concern and prohibited ingredients, exposure assessment approaches, regulation of cosmetics in the US and in the EU, global approaches to nonanimal testing for cosmetic products, and the development and application of new approach methods (NAMs) for next generation risk assessment (NGRA) of cosmetic ingredients.

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Aggregate exposure modelling of vitamin A from cosmetic products, diet and food supplements

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to derive a metabolism factor for estimating the aggregate exposure to salicylic acid after dermal exposure of its esters

In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to derive a metabolism factor for estimating the aggregate exposure to salicylic acid after dermal exposure of its esters

Preparation and Investigation of the SPF and Antioxidant Properties of O/W and W/O Emulsions Containing Vitamins A, C and E for Cosmetic Applications

Toxicology of Cosmetics

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