Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship

Chiplunkar, Gaurav; Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3790224

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…3 On the other hand, large numbers of women in developing economies are employed in non-traded services, such as teaching, residential care, social work, nursing, and personal services, and may have gained through increased consumer demand resulting from the growth in tradable services (as we showed earlier). Therefore, analyzing the heterogeneous effects of the growth in non-tradable services by gender is critical, especially in the Indian setting where women face substantial barriers to labor force participation (Chiplunkar and Goldberg, 2021).…”

Section: Heterogeneous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that district-level growth in tradable services employment increases both female employment and female-owned firms (entrepreneurship). This is important because Chiplunkar and Goldberg (2021) show that promoting female entrepreneurship can in turn lead to higher female labor force participation because women entrepreneurs hire more females. Lastly, we now turn to the heterogeneous effects by firm size.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature also finds that female entrepreneurs tend to be predominantly in non-tradable services, such as retail (Bank 2022;Bardasi and Terrell 2011). Assessing the effects on non-tradable services, where women are more likely to work, becomes especially critical in the Indian setting where women's labor force participation remains low (Chiplunkar and Goldberg, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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India's Services Sector Growth: The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services

Avdiu¹,

Bagavathinathan²,

Chaurey³

et al. 2022

Policy Research Working Papers

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Section: Heterogeneous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heterogeneous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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India's Services Sector Growth: The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services

Avdiu¹,

Bagavathinathan²,

Chaurey³

et al. 2022

Policy Research Working Papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, see World Bank (2012),Demirguc-Kunt et al (2013),Blau and Kahn (2017), Demirguc-Kunt and Singer (2017),Delechat et al (2018),Chen et al (2021),Chiplunkar and Goldberg (2021),Guiso and Zaccaria (2021),Ke (2021).©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution…”

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confidence: 99%

Legal Gender Equality as a Catalyst for Convergence

Sever¹

2022

IMF Working Papers

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“…The World Bank's Women, Business, and the Law database includes entrepreneurship as one area of gender-based legal discrimination, and the 2021 report shows that sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia score particularly low on the female entrepreneurship index. More broadly, gender-based legal discrimination has been found to be associated with weaker labor market outcomes for women, including lower labor force participation, both across countries(Hyland and others, 2020) and within individual countries such as India (Gonzalez and others, 2015a;Chiplunkar and Goldberg, 2021).25 Examples of such initiatives include randomly assigning female colleagues to teams in male-dominated industries(Dahl and others, 2021), informational videos on female employment opportunities shown to the family members of working-age women(Dean and Jayachandran, 2019), gender quotas in local governments(De Paola and others, 2010), and the appointment of females as chief executives and heads of academic departments(Langan, 2019).©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

IMF Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender

2022

Policy Papers

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Mainstreaming gender at the IMF starts with the recognition that reducing gender disparities goes hand-in-hand with higher economic growth, greater economic stability and resilience, and lower income inequality. At the same time, economic and financial policies can exacerbate or narrow gender disparities. Well-designed macroeconomic, structural, and financial policies can support efficient and inclusive outcomes and equitably benefit women, girls, and the society in general.Attention to gender has never been more urgent-the COVID crisis, conflicts, the food and energy crisis and related spike in inflation, and long-standing factors such as climate change have exacerbated pre-existing gender gaps.The strategy lays out how the IMF can help its member countries address gender disparities in the context of carrying out its core functions-surveillance, lending, and capacity development. This means assessing the macroeconomic consequences of gender gaps where they are macro-critical, evaluating the gender-differentiated impact of shocks and policies, and providing granular and tailored macroeconomic and financial policy advice.The strategy comprises four key pillars: first, gender-disaggregated data collection and development of modeling tools to enable staff to conduct policy analysis; second, a robust governance framework for an evenhanded approach across members based on the macrocriticality of gender; third, strengthening collaboration with external partners to benefit from knowledge sharing and peer learning, leverage complementarities, and maximize the impact on the ground; and fourth, the efficient use of resources allocated to gender by putting in place a central unit for realizing scale economies and supporting country teams. Executive Board Assessment 1Executive Directors welcomed the opportunity to discuss the IMF Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender. They noted that the strategy is particularly timely given the current economic uncertainties and recent shocks, which are exacerbating pre-existing gender gaps.Directors recognized that reducing gender inequality can increase economic growth, reduce inequality, and foster economic and financial resilience. Well-designed macroeconomic and financial policies can support efficient and inclusive outcomes and equitably benefit 1 At the conclusion of the discussion, the Managing Director, as Chairman of the Board, summarizes the views of Executive Directors,

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Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

India's Services Sector Growth: The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services

India's Services Sector Growth: The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services

Legal Gender Equality as a Catalyst for Convergence

IMF Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender

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