Aggregate Statistics of the National Airspace System

Krozel, Jimmy; Hoffman, Bob; Penny, Steve; Butler, Taryn

doi:10.2514/6.2003-5710

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…First, the authors developed characteristics of the air environment to include the density of aircraft in the airspace in question, the type of aircraft in the environment, and the type of airspace control or architecture . The average aircraft density across the NAS was estimated through statistics on aircraft flights in the NAS, which appears in Table .…”

Section: Framework Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense and Avoid Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using a Target Level of Safety Approach

Melnyk

Schrage

Volovoi³

et al. 2014

Risk Analysis

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One of the most critical challenges to full integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) is the requirement to comply with CFR 14 Part 91.113 to "see and avoid" other aircraft. Various attempts have been made to develop systems to "sense and avoid" other aircraft so UAS can comply with the intent of the regulation. This article proposes a framework to develop effectiveness requirements for any SAA system by linking UAS characteristics and operating environments to midair collision risk quantified by a fatality rate. The framework consists of a target level of safety (TLS) approach using an event tree format. Safety has been identified as the most important consideration in the UAS integration process. While safety can be defined in many ways, the authors propose using a fatality rate metric that follows other statistics used in the industry. This metric allows for the use of a TLS approach to the development of SAA requirements for system certification. Failure to adequately link system requirements to safety could result in the implementation of SAA systems that either do not adequately mitigate the risk associated with UAS operations or are overdesigned, resulting in increased cost and complexity. This article demonstrates the use of the proposed framework to develop specific SAA effectiveness standards based on UAS weight and airspace class combinations.

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Section: Framework Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense and Avoid Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using a Target Level of Safety Approach

Melnyk

Schrage

Volovoi³

et al. 2014

Risk Analysis

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“…In addition to this substantial EDCT delay, such flights often experience additional delays from various other causes including other TMIs. Reference [3] presents aggregate statistics on the implementation of various TMIs (including GDPs and AFPs), while [4] presents aggregate statistics on various types of delays as well as other NAS data of interest. Some other aspects of flight delays are analyzed in [5] and [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Additional Delays Experienced by Flights Subject to Ground Holding

Bilimoria

2016

16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference

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Flights subject to Ground Delay Programs and Airspace Flow Programs are held on the ground, taking specified delays at their departure airports, to address capacity constraints at their arrival airports and regions of en route airspace, respectively. These ground holds, ranging from tens of minutes to a few hours, affect a large number of flights and can disrupt air traffic operations on a national scale. It is therefore of interest to minimize additional delays for such flights. This paper analyzes the magnitude and nature of additional delays experienced by flights subject to ground holding, utilizing historical flight operations data for five airports whose arrivals experienced the most pre-departure ground holding in 2015. At four of these airports, arrivals subject to ground holding incurred additional gate-arrival delays substantially larger (about two to three times on average) than for arrivals that were not subject to ground holding. These inequities in additional gate-arrival delays were caused primarily by taxi-out delays at the departure airports. Airborne delays were a secondary cause of these delay inequities, and there was a minor contribution from taxi-in delays. There were mixed trends in the role of gate-departure delays not caused by ground holding. Overall, these results motivate a recommendation to expedite surface movements at departure airports for those flights already delayed by ground holding.

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“…Convective storms exert a disruptive influence on aviation-both in the terminal area and en routecausing flight delays and cancellations [1][2]. The Aviation Capacity Enhancement Plan [3] lists weather as the leading cause (65% -70%) of delays greater than 15 minutes, followed by terminal volume (12% -22% of delays).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation of ensemble-based weather forecasts into probabilistic air traffic capacity impact

Steiner

2009

2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference

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A novel concept of using ensemble-based numerical weather prediction model data for weatherrelated, probabilistic aviation impact forecasting is demonstrated.This new concept represents a paradigm shift from "creating ensembles of weather information" (e.g., maps of predicted weather hazard intensity) to "developing ensembles of aviation userrelevant information" (i.e., maps of potential throughput as measured by the available flow capacity ratio), which entails a translation of weather forecasts into predictions of reduced airspace capacity. The proof-of-concept is exemplified by focusing on convective storms; however, the advocated approach may be applicable to other aviation hazards, like turbulence, icing, or ceiling and visibility as well. Although the concept is most pertinent to strategic en route traffic flow management, it could be extended to terminal area applications, such as predicting major wind shifts on runways, the onset of precipitation, or a transition from rain to snow. A probabilistic approach is most appropriate for strategic planning horizons, for which deterministic weather forecast are significantly less accurate and an ensemble of forecasts may provide better guidance about the spread of possible future weather scenarios.

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Aggregate Statistics of the National Airspace System

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Sense and Avoid Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using a Target Level of Safety Approach

Sense and Avoid Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using a Target Level of Safety Approach

Analysis of Additional Delays Experienced by Flights Subject to Ground Holding

Translation of ensemble-based weather forecasts into probabilistic air traffic capacity impact

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