Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm can be inactivated by methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy

Alvarenga, Letícia Heineck; Prates, Renato Araújo; Yoshimura, Tania Mateus; Kato, Ilka Tiemy; Suzuki, Luis C.; Ribeiro, Martha S.; Ferreira, Luis Rodolfo; Pereira, Sílvio Antônio dos Santos; Martinez, Elizabeth Ferreira; Saba-Chujfi, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.002

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Five out of the six included studies used methylene blue as a photosensitizer [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], one applied toluidine blue [ 13 ]. The effect of PDT on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans only was investigated in two studies [ 11 , 12 ], Porphyromonas gingivalis only was studied in one trial [ 8 ]. Two studies investigated three pathogens, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When studying A. actinomycetemcomitans organized in a biofilm, Alvarenga et al [ 12 ] could not find a statistically significant effect on the viable count of the bacteria, irrespective of the use of dye only (MB), light activation only (diode laser at 660 nm), or dye in combination with a 60 s light application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other possibilities are that MB and toluidine blue are substrates of multidrug resistance pumps existing in bacteria [ 21 ] or that microorganisms organized in a biofilm are able to exist in a slow-growing or starved state [ 22 ]. It was shown in some publications, that the degree of photo-inactivation was dependent upon the time of the irradiation [ 9 , 12 ]. One test arrangement showed a statistically significant decrease of bacteria ( P.g .)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of PDT against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria

Haag

Steiger-Ronay

Schmidlin

2015

IJMS

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Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is caused by biofilms with a mixed microbial etiology and involves the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. A rising number of studies investigate the clinical potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct during active therapy. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the available literature for the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy focusing on the periodontopathogenic bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The focused question was: “Is it possible to decrease (at least 3 log steps or 99.9%) or even eliminate bacterial growth by photodynamic therapy in vitro when compared to untreated control groups or control groups treated by placebo?” In general, PDT resulted in a substantial reduction of surviving bacteria. However, not all studies showed the desired reduction or elimination. The ranges of log10-reduction were 0.38 (58%) to a complete eradication (100%) for P. gingivalis, 0.21 (39%) to 100% for A. actinomycetemcomitans and 0.3 (50%) to 100% for F. nucleatum. In conclusion, further and particularly more comparable studies are needed to evaluate if PDT can be clinically successful as an adjuvant in periodontal therapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of PDT against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria

Haag

Steiger-Ronay

Schmidlin

2015

IJMS

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“…With the invention of lasers in the 1960s, laser light used for PDT was monochromatic, coherent radiation, and the treatment could be better defined using the optimum wavelength, a high energy density and light transmission through optical fibers [26, 34, 35]. …”

Section: Light Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review

et al. 2016

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In recent years there have been an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.

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“…Besides efforts at minimizing the consequences of this phenomenon, it is essential to find alternative forms of treatment that are both effective and accessible. In this context, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a possibility for the treatment of different diseases of significant clinical importance [ 19 – 23 ]. This therapeutic resource is employed to cause cell death based on the use of substances with photosensitizing properties and the administration of light at an appropriate wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy combined with periodontal treatment for metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Evangelista

França

Veni

et al. 2015

Trials

Self Cite

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BackgroundThe relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease is bidirectional. DM is a predisposing and modifying factor of periodontitis, which, in turn, worsens glycemic control and increases proteins found in the acute phase of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein. The gold standard for the treatment of periodontal disease is oral hygiene orientation, scaling and planing. Moreover, systemic antibiotic therapy may be employed in some cases. In an effort to minimize the prescription of antibiotics, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied as an antimicrobial technique and has demonstrated promising results. The aim of the proposed study is to determine whether PDT as a complement to periodontal therapy (PT) is helpful in the metabolic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes and the reduction of acute-phase inflammatory markers.Methods/DesignThe patients will be randomized using a proper software program into two groups: 1) PT + placebo PDT or 2) PT + active PDT. All patients will first be examined by a specialist, followed by PT performed by two other healthcare professionals. At the end of each session, PDT (active or placebo) will be administered by a fourth healthcare professional. The following will be the PDT parameters: diode laser (660 nm); power output = 110 mW; exposure time = 90 s per point (9 J/point); and energy density = 22 J/cm2. The photosensitizer will be methylene blue (50 μg/mL). The patients will be re-evaluated 15, 30, 90 and 180 days after treatment. Serological examinations with complete blood count, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and salivary examinations to screen for tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, ostelocalcin, and osteoprotegerin/RANKL will be performed at each evaluation. The data will be statistically evaluated using the most appropriate tests.DiscussionThe results of this study will determine the efficacy of photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant to periodontal treatment in diabetic patients.Trial registrationThe protocol for this trial was registered with Clinical Trials registration number NCT01964833 on 14 October 2013.

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm can be inactivated by methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of PDT against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria

The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of PDT against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria

The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy combined with periodontal treatment for metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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