Aggregation and attachment responses of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis—impact of substrate composition, time scale and source of mussel seed

Christensen, Helle Torp; Dolmer, Per; Hansen, Benni Winding; Holmer, Marianne; Kristensen, Louise; Poulsen, Louise K.; Stenberg, Claus; Albertsen, Christoffer Moesgaard; Støttrup, Josianne

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.09.043

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…, Christensen et al. ). Thus, established mussel beds exert positive feedback that stabilizes local sediment and increases mussel bed resilience (Meadows et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Creating a window of opportunity for establishing ecosystem engineers by adding substratum: a case study on mussels

et al. 2019

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Ecosystem engineers typically exert positive feedback on their environment, which enhances their performance. Such positive feedback is lacking in the establishment phase, when densities are too low and/or patches are too small. There is a strong need to unravel the mechanisms for overcoming the resulting establishment thresholds, both for ecological restoration purposes and to be able to use their services. In the present study, we question whether providing a transient substratum can be used as tool to overcome establishment thresholds, by creating a window of opportunity for initial settlement, using mussels (Mytilus edulis) as a model system. Combining field and flume experiments, we study how biogenic substratum enrichment in the form of a shell layer on a soft mudflat affects the critical dislodgement thresholds and, thus, the chances of mussel establishment at different mussel densities and aggregation states. Flume results showed that the presence of a shell layer reduced dislodgement of mussel patches in low‐energy environments but was conditional for establishment in high‐energy environments. That is, in high‐energy environments with shells, aggregation into clumps enhanced dislodgement, while dislodgement was reduced with increasing overall mussel biomass and overall mussel patch weight. Without shells, dislodgement was always 100%. These findings agreed with our field studies, which showed that coarse shell material reduced mussel losses (by a factor of 3), reduced aggregation (by a factor of 2.4), and increased attachment strength (by a factor of 2.4). Overall, our results show that the local presence of biogenic substratum increases the chance of mussel establishment by enhancing the critical hydrodynamic dislodgement threshold. Thus, the local addition of a biogenic substratum may create a window of opportunity to initiate settlement in more dynamic environments, to shift at a local scale from a bare mudflat state into an established biogenic reef state. Our findings have clear implications for how to approach restoration and management of ecosystem engineers dominated systems. For instance, when positive feedback of ecosystem engineers is lacking, (1) the transient offering of suitable settling substratum may be a necessary step to overcome establishment thresholds, and (2) this becomes increasingly important with increasing abiotic stress.

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“…, Christensen et al. ). Thus, established mussel beds exert positive feedback that stabilizes local sediment and increases mussel bed resilience (Meadows et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In soft sediment environments, mussels attach to conspecifics to form dense mussel beds that can stretch out to a considerable scale , Commito et al 2014, Christensen et al 2015. Thus, established mussel beds exert positive feedback that stabilizes local sediment and increases mussel bed resilience (Meadows et al 1998, Commito et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating a window of opportunity for establishing ecosystem engineers by adding substratum: a case study on mussels

et al. 2019

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“…She could not find a difference in consumption rates between seed from SMCs and bottom seed. In a comparative study, seed from SMCs aggregated more and more quickly than bottom seed after relaying (Christensen et al 2015). Seed from SMCs is harvested earlier in the year (July-September) than seed from fishery (October-November).…”

Section: Seeding Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Seed from SMCs differs from bottom seed in regard to size, shell thickness, and the absence of attachment substrate such as shells (Kamermans et al 2009, Christensen et al 2015. SMC seed is very loosely aggregated, whereas bottom seed is often clumped around substrate; this and the small size of the seed promotes spatial heterogeneity at seeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%