“Aggregation-induced emission” of transition metal compounds: Design, mechanistic insights, and applications

Alam, Parvej; Climent, Clàudia; Alemany, Pere; Laskar, Inamur Rahaman

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100317

Cited by 102 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…Gold(I) complexes are attractive candidates to develop Aggregation Induced Emission luminogens (AIEgens) [7,24,25], due to the formation of aurophilic contacts in solution that modulate the emission exhibited by the aggregates. For gold(I) AIEgens, self-assembly has been classically characterized by following the emission changes in samples containing different proportions of a good solvent (usually organic) and a poor solvent (usually water).…”

Section: Complexes That Display Aie Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Supramolecular Luminescent Assemblies Based on Aurophilic Interactions in Solution

Romo-Islas

Gavara

2021

Inorganics

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The development of supramolecular systems showing aurophilic interactions in solution is gaining much attention in the last years. This is due to the intriguing photophysical properties of gold(I) complexes, which usually confer to these supramolecular assemblies interesting luminescent properties, as well as the possibility of morphological modulation, through fine tuning of inter- and intramolecular aurophilic interactions, in synergy with the formation of other supramolecular contacts. In this work, an overview of the advances made in this area since 2015 is presented. A large variety of systems showing different spectroscopical and structural topologies has been reported. Moreover, these supramolecular assemblies have proven to be useful in a wide range of applications.

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Section: Complexes That Display Aie Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Supramolecular Luminescent Assemblies Based on Aurophilic Interactions in Solution

Romo-Islas

Gavara

2021

Inorganics

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“…The term aggregation induced emission (AIE), coined to describe this phenomenon [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], is now widespread in the field of luminescent materials [ 25 , 26 ]. Besides the general AIE term which applies to all kinds of aggregated states, in the particular case where the emission is induced by crystallization as in the present case, the terms CIE (crystallization induced emission) and CIEE (crystallization induced emission enhancement) have also been used in the literature [ 27 ]. Despite the success of new purely organic AIE-active molecules, in the years following Tang’s group discovery it became obvious that the introduction of heavy atoms—especially transition metals—in these AIE-active molecules was necessary for the development of new optoelectronic devices since efficient purely organic phosphorescent molecules are very scarce [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Induced Enhanced Emission in Two New Zn(II) and Cd(II) Supramolecular Coordination Complexes with the 1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-Carboxylate Ligand

et al. 2020

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Two new d10 metal supramolecular metal–organic frameworks (SMOFs) with general formula [ML2(H2O)2]n (M = Zn, Cd) have been synthetized using the sodium salt of the anionic 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate ligand (Na+L−). Both SMOFs have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. The compounds are isostructural and form supramolecular aggregates via hydrogen bonds with the presence of less common dihydrogen bonds. Interestingly, they show ionic conductivity and porosity. The luminescent properties have been also studied by means of the excitation and emission spectra. Periodic DFT and molecular TD-DFT calculations have been used to unravel the emergence of luminescence in the otherwise non-emitting 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate ligand once incorporated in the SMOFs. Our results also illustrate the importance of considering the dielectric environment in the crystal when performing excited state calculations for isolated fragments to capture the correct electronic character of the low-lying states, a practice which is not commonly adopted in the community.

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“…Despite the obvious advantages of organic fluorophores, which are singlet emitters, heavy atoms such as transition metals display triplet emission. The related spin–orbit coupling leads to efficient singlet–triplet state mixing so that the presence of a heavy atom can improve the photophysical properties of π-conjugated ligands [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. The formation of metal complexes represents a strategy for obtaining new luminescent materials with long luminescence lifetimes, large Stoke’s shifts, and high PLQYs in the visible region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal complexes are potentially unique luminophores with highly tunable structures and photophysics. Specifically, the d-block metal complexes are rich in different charge-transfer electronic states (MC, Metal Centered; ICT, Intramolecular Charge Transfer; ILCT, Intra-ligand Charge Transfer; LC, Ligand Centred; MLCT, Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer; LL’CT Ligand to Ligand Charge Transfer) and local π–π* transitions on the ligands [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc (II) and AIEgens: The “Clip Approach” for a Novel Fluorophore Family. A Review

Diana

Panunzi

2021

Molecules

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Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) compounds display a photophysical phenomenon in which the aggregate state exhibits stronger emission than the isolated units. The common term of “AIEgens” was coined to describe compounds undergoing the AIE effect. Due to the recent interest in AIEgens, the search for novel hybrid organic–inorganic compounds with unique luminescence properties in the aggregate phase is a relevant goal. In this perspective, the abundant, inexpensive, and nontoxic d10 zinc cation offers unique opportunities for building AIE active fluorophores, sensing probes, and bioimaging tools. Considering the novelty of the topic, relevant examples collected in the last 5 years (2016–2021) through scientific production can be considered fully representative of the state-of-the-art. Starting from the simple phenomenological approach and considering different typological and chemical units and structures, we focused on zinc-based AIEgens offering synthetic novelty, research completeness, and relevant applications. A special section was devoted to Zn(II)-based AIEgens for living cell imaging as the novel technological frontier in biology and medicine.

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“Aggregation-induced emission” of transition metal compounds: Design, mechanistic insights, and applications

Cited by 102 publications

References 240 publications

Recent Progress on Supramolecular Luminescent Assemblies Based on Aurophilic Interactions in Solution

Recent Progress on Supramolecular Luminescent Assemblies Based on Aurophilic Interactions in Solution

Crystallization Induced Enhanced Emission in Two New Zn(II) and Cd(II) Supramolecular Coordination Complexes with the 1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-Carboxylate Ligand

Zinc (II) and AIEgens: The “Clip Approach” for a Novel Fluorophore Family. A Review

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