Aggregation Induced Phosphorescence in the Main Group

Abstract

This review summarizes recent progress involving the preparation of materials that exhibit aggregation induced phosphorescence (AIP) and crystallization enhanced phosphorescence, with a focus on compounds containing p‐block (main group) and Group 12 elements as active components. As will be seen, utilizing the heavy atom effect is one of the most reliable paths for unlocking phosphorescence within the main group. The vast majority of phosphorescent emitters depend on expensive transition metals, however the incorporation of main group elements in phosphors can also give rise to high luminescence quantum efficiencies at a decreased cost.

Crystallization Induced Enhanced Emission in Two New Zn(II) and Cd(II) Supramolecular Coordination Complexes with the 1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-Carboxylate Ligand

“…Besides the general AIE term which applies to all kinds of aggregated states, in the particular case where the emission is induced by crystallization as in the present case, the terms CIE (crystallization induced emission) and CIEE (crystallization induced emission enhancement) have also been used in the literature [ 27 ]. Despite the success of new purely organic AIE-active molecules, in the years following Tang’s group discovery it became obvious that the introduction of heavy atoms—especially transition metals—in these AIE-active molecules was necessary for the development of new optoelectronic devices since efficient purely organic phosphorescent molecules are very scarce [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Co-Crystal Showing Direct White Light and Photo-Electric Conversion

“…Considering the spin-forbidden intersystem crossing (ISC) from excited singlet state to excited triplet state, the rate of ISC can be enhanced by reducing the energy gap ( ΔE ST ) between the lowest singlet excited state and a nearby triplet state. Small ΔE ST can be achieved by designing the charge transfer of donor-acceptor system with large spatial separation between the HOMO and LUMO ( Parke and Rivard, 2018 ). To date, many single component organic molecules with twisted donor-acceptor spatial conformation have been demonstrated as efficient RTP materials ( Xiao et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2021 ).…”

Understanding the Role of Chalcogens in Ether‐Based Luminophores with Aggregation‐Induced Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

“…This feature is especially interesting for the conception of new organic light emitting diodes. In this context, elements from the third, fifth and sixth main group have attracted attention, and several systems bearing heteroatoms from these groups with aggregation‐induced phosphorescence have been described so far . Boron‐containing phosphors, such as iminoketones or boronic acid derivatives, have been described to show efficient phosphorescence emission in either doped polylactide (PLA) films or as crystalline material with lifetimes up to seconds.…”