Aggregation pheromones in five taxa of the <i>Drosophila virilis</i> species group

Bartelt, Robert J.; Schaner, Angela M.; Jackson, Larry L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00427.x

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Groups are formed principally through responses of individual males to a combination of an attractive pheromone emitted by other males and the attractive odor of the resource itself (15,90,132). Drosophila mycetophaga males in groups have a greater per capita probability of encountering receptive females than do isolated males, but this probability levels off when group size reaches ∼20 males (12).…”

Section: Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

JOINING ANDAVOIDANCEBEHAVIOR INNONSOCIALINSECTS

Prokopy

Roitberg

2001

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

153

110

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Groups of two or more consexual conspecific adults of many kinds of nonsocial insects have been observed to form at feeding, mating, ovipositional, or sheltering sites. Conversely, adults of these same insects have been observed to avoid joining consexual conspecifics (or their progeny) and to place themselves (or their progeny) at some distance that results in spacing. Examples from various taxa illustrate that mechanisms underlying joining or avoidance behavior differ among species, as do types of benefits and costs to individuals who decide to join or avoid others. Moreover, within a given species, the decision to join or avoid others can be affected markedly by the physiological and informational state of the individual and by contextual response thresholds to resource availability. Decisions that benefit the individual may or may not affect the group in terms of total reproductive output.

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Section: Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

JOINING ANDAVOIDANCEBEHAVIOR INNONSOCIALINSECTS

Prokopy

Roitberg

2001

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

153

110

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“…In several Drosophila species, an aggregation pheromone is produced by males and transferred to females during copulation; both males and mated females emit the pheromone and the pheromone is attractive to both sexes (Bartelt & Jackson, 1984;Bartelt et al, 1985Bartelt et al, , 1986Schaner et al, 1987;Hedlund et al, 1996a). Although previous field studies have addressed how pheromones affect the behaviour of conspecifics or natural enemies, none has investigated the intricate and concurrent effects on different components of a food web.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit flies, Drosophila spp., were used as a model system. In several Drosophila species, an aggregation pheromone is produced by males and transferred to females during copulation; both males and mated females emit the pheromone and the pheromone is attractive to both sexes (Bartelt & Jackson, 1984;Bartelt et al, 1985Bartelt et al, , 1986Schaner et al, 1987;Hedlund et al, 1996a). In the Netherlands and France, the effects of aggregation pheromone on (a) intraspecific attraction, (b) oviposition site selection, (c) behaviour of fruit flies in aggregations, and (d) interspecific interactions were studied, using Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans as focal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aggregation pheromone on individual behaviour and food web interactions: a field study onDrosophila

Wertheim

Allemand

Vet

et al. 2006

Ecological Entomology

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1. The effects of an aggregation pheromone on individual behaviour and food web interactions were investigated in two ecological communities, using Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans as focal species.2. Fruit substrates with aggregation pheromone were significantly more attractive to adult D. melanogaster and D. simulans than control fruit substrates, and the response was positively dose dependent. Competing species and natural enemies were also significantly attracted to substrates with the aggregation pheromone of D. melanogaster and D. simulans.3. Significantly more eggs were deposited on pheromone-treated fruits than on control fruits, and the microdistribution of eggs within fruits was correlated to the microdistribution of the pheromone. The aggregation pheromone induced more females to share the breeding site.4. The extremely high densities of fruit flies in the large aggregations appeared to reduce the oviposition rate of females. Physical interactions with conspecific and heterospecifics were frequently observed in the aggregations, and often led to patch leaving of the fruit flies. 5. Competition for food among larvae occurred at high densities and parasitism was density dependent. Aggregation pheromones can be directly responsible for these patterns through their effects on the con-and heterospecific behaviour.6. The combined results show that aggregation pheromones affect a multitude of aspects in the ecology of interacting animals. The importance of incorporating the communication signals in ecological theory of aggregations is discussed.

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“…Many drosophilid fruit fly species possess aggregation pheromones (Bartelt & Jackson, 1984;Bartelt et al, 1985Bartelt et al, , 1986Bartelt et al, , 1988Bartelt et al, , 1989Hedlund et al, 1996;Jaenike et al, 1992;Moats et al, 1987;Schaner et al, 1987Schaner et al, , 1989aSchaner & Jackson, 1992). In these Drosophila species, the aggregation pheromone is produced by the males, and transferred to females during copulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural plasticity in support of a benefit for aggregation pheromone use in Drosophila melanogaster

Wertheim

Dicke

Vet

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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We explored behavioural plasticity in the use of aggregation pheromone in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Based on previous field observations, we formulated two hypotheses on a benefit of using aggregation pheromone for aggregated oviposition. One hypothesis concerns a benefit to the females themselves, where reduced harassment by males can enhance oviposition rate; the other concerns a benefit to their offspring, where larvae can exploit arduous substrates more efficiently. We derive contrasting expectations on the strength of the behavioural response to pheromone for substrates that differ in nutritional quality to larvae. High quality substrates relax the strength of larval competition, which allows for stronger aggregative responses of the females, but conversely, it may yield aggregation less necessary when the benefit is related to resource exploitation by the larvae. In indoor and outdoor dual choice set-ups, we tested the behavioural responses of the adults to the aggregation pheromone with substrates of varying quality, and examined oviposition behaviour. The response of adults to the aggregation pheromone was strong and robust for low quality substrates, but significantly weaker for a high quality substrate. This supports the hypothesis on a benefit to the larvae. Females retained aggregation pheromones in the absence of oviposition substrates for at least 24 h. In the outdoor set-up, substrate with aggregation pheromone received more than three times as many eggs as control substrates, and this was directly related to the number of adults that visited each substrate. Per capita, oviposition rates were not different for differently sized aggregations, and consequently, no evidence was found in support of the hypothesis on reduced harassment. The combination of aggregation pheromone possession and a mutualistic relationship with microorganisms for Drosophila and other insects is discussed.

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Aggregation pheromones in five taxa of the Drosophila virilis species group

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

JOINING ANDAVOIDANCEBEHAVIOR INNONSOCIALINSECTS

JOINING ANDAVOIDANCEBEHAVIOR INNONSOCIALINSECTS

Effects of aggregation pheromone on individual behaviour and food web interactions: a field study onDrosophila

Behavioural plasticity in support of a benefit for aggregation pheromone use in Drosophila melanogaster

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