Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (<i>Cebus [Sapajus] apella</i>)

Schrock, Allie E.; Leard, Corinne; Lutz, Meredith C.; Meyer, Jerrold S.; Gazes, Regina Paxton

doi:10.1002/ajp.23001

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…This is likely because higher-ranking MG subjects and lower-ranking UG subjects were now the middle-ranking animals, and ranks were unsettled among the highest-ranking MG subjects and the lowest-ranking UG subjects, as they were challenging each other, whereas ranks among the MG subjects remained perfectly stable . This is consistent with other literature indicating mid-ranking animals typically have the lowest DC (Schrock et al, 2019;Vandeleest et al, 2016). Surprisingly, individuals more peripheral in social play networks had increased DC, as these individuals may have been high-or low-ranking to begin with, which often have certain dominance positions (Schrock et al, 2019;Vandeleest et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Elo-rating, a method commonly used to track rank changes over time (Neumann et al, 2011) was used to establish dominance ranks, which has previously been documented in detail for this group . Contrary to dominance rank, DC is a relatively new method that utilizes both direct and indirect information via social network analysis to gauge the overall "fit" of an individual's position in the dominance network (Fushing et al, 2011;Linden et al, 2019;Schrock et al, 2019;Vandeleest et al, 2016;. DC was calculated from dominance interactions (threats, chases, attacks, displacements, silent-bared teeth displays) using the percolation and conductance method implemented via the Perc package (Fujii et al, 2015;Vandeleest et al, 2016) in R software (v 3.3.3) This is a network-based method that handles missing data better than other ranking methods by measuring both direct and indirect pathways and transitivity in the dominance networks.…”

Section: Behavioral Data Collection: Aggression Dominance Ranks and Dominance Certaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and hormonal changes following social instability in young rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Wooddell¹,

Kaburu²,

Dettmer³

2021

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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Social instability (SI) occurs when there is competition over social status. Reduced certainty of social status can lead to heightened aggression, which can increase physiological stress responses as individuals prepare to fight for their social status. However, adults can use proactive coping mechanisms to reduce the physiological stress induced by SI, such as increasing affiliation. Very little is known, however, about the behavioral and hormonal effects of SI early in development. Filling these gaps in knowledge would add to the fields of primatology and developmental and comparative psychology. We conducted an opportunistic study of a peer group of 18 rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) yearlings before and during SI. We used social network analysis to measure individuals’ dominance certainty (DC; in their aggressive and submissive network) and their position in affiliative networks (grooming and play) and analyzed hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs). As predicted, during SI, we observed a decrease in DC, indicating that individuals had less stable dominance positions. As well, during SI, we observed increased rates of social grooming and decreased rates of social play, reflecting potential coping mechanisms. More socially connected individuals in social grooming and social play networks received higher levels of coalitionary support. Contrary to predictions, DC did not predict HCCs; rather, individuals that were more connected in the social play network exhibited smaller increases in HCCs during SI, revealing a potential buffering effect of social play. Our results underscore the need for further research on the effects of SI during ontogeny.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Behavioral Data Collection: Aggression Dominance Ranks and Dominance Certaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and hormonal changes following social instability in young rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Wooddell¹,

Kaburu²,

Dettmer³

2021

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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“…Rank-associated behavioral measures could therefore capture salient variation in the social environment better than dominance rank itself. In support of this possibility, hair cortisol concentrations in a small sample of captive tufted capuchins were positively predicted by rates of aggression received and negatively predicted by grooming network centrality but were not associated with dominance rank (55). In captive rhesus macaques, hair cortisol was also uncorrelated with rank, but was negatively correlated with the rate of initiated affiliative interactions (50).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Agonism and grooming behavior explain social status effects on physiology and gene regulation in rhesus macaques

Simons

Michopoulos

Wilson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Variation in social status predicts molecular, physiological, and life history outcomes across a broad range of species, including our own. Experimental studies indicate that some of these relationships persist even when the physical environment is held constant. Here, we draw on data sets from one such study-experimental manipulation of dominance rank in captive female rhesus macaques-to investigate how social status shapes the lived experience of these animals to alter gene regulation, glucocorticoid physiology, and mitochondrial DNA phenotypes. We focus specifically on dominance rank-associated dimensions of the social environment, including both competitive and affiliative interactions. Our results show that simple summaries of rank-associated behavioral interactions are often better predictors of molecular and physiological outcomes than dominance rank itself. However, while measures of immune function are best explained by agonism rates, glucocorticoid-related phenotypes tend to be more closely linked to affiliative behavior. We conclude that dominance rank serves as a useful summary for investigating social environmental effects on downstream outcomes. Nevertheless, the behavioral interactions that define an individual's daily experiences reveal the proximate drivers of social status-related differences, and are especially relevant for understanding why individuals who share the same social status sometimes appear physiologically distinct.

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“…Higher Elo scores indicate higher rank positions. Transitivity and rank certainty were calculated using the Percolation and Conductance method ("Perc" package for R; Fujii et al, 2021;Fushing et al, 2011;Schrock et al, 2019). A perfectly linear dominance hierarchy would be 100% A Pearson correlation was conducted between Elo score and age to determine whether rank was related to age in our social group.…”

Section: Dominance Hierarchymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance and social interaction patterns in brown capuchin monkey (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) social networks

Gazes

Schrock

Leard

et al. 2022

American J Primatol

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Strong, stable social bonds in primates are characterized by high levels of social affiliation, low levels of aggression, minimal stress, and affiliative reciprocity within the dyad. In relatively well-studied catarrhine monkeys, these bonds tend to form most frequently between kin, animals close in age, and animals close in rank. This results in patterns of affiliation in which kin, similarly aged animals, and like-ranked animals tend to affiliate and patterns of aggression and submission where animals tend to aggress more toward nonkin and closely ranked animals, and submit more toward distantly ranked animals. However, literature on how affiliative and agonistic relationships are organized in platyrrhine primate species like brown capuchin monkeys is limited and conflicting. In this study, we used social network analyses to characterize how age, sex, maternal kinship, and dominance rank relate to the patterns of submissive, aggressive, contact, and grooming interactions in a group of captive brown capuchin monkeys. Like catarrhine monkeys, brown capuchin monkeys showed a steep linear dominance hierarchy, tended to affiliate with kin, similarly aged animals, and like-ranked animals, and tended to aggress more toward nonkin. However, our monkeys showed a pattern of affiliation and grooming down the hierarchy that is inconsistent with grooming up the hierarchy patterns often seen in catarrhine monkey groups, suggesting that brown capuchins do not compete for access to higher ranking social partners. Higher ranking monkeys were most central to the aggression network, and lower ranking monkeys were most central to the submission network. Mid-ranking monkeys were the most central to the contact network, suggesting that they may play an important role in the affiliative cohesion of the group. These results inform our understanding of brown capuchin social behavior specifically, and of how demographic factors relate to social organization in platyrrhine primates generally.

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Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella)

Cited by 21 publications

References 77 publications

Behavioral and hormonal changes following social instability in young rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Behavioral and hormonal changes following social instability in young rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Agonism and grooming behavior explain social status effects on physiology and gene regulation in rhesus macaques

Dominance and social interaction patterns in brown capuchin monkey (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) social networks

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