Aggression in Hyperactive Boys: Response to d-Amphetamine

Amery, Bonnie; Minichiello, Marcia D.; Brown, Gerald L.

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60505-7

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Amphetamine was tried for several reasons: amphetamine had been used for several years to treat childhood hyperkinesia (Amery et al, 1984); this drug, said to have antiepileptic properties, has been used to treat generalized absence sei- zures (Rektor, 1984;Appleby, 1985); it induces a significant decrease of REM sleep and abolishes deep slow-wave sleep (Goodman and Gilman, 1970). Other stimulating drugs that alter sleep patterns by modulating monoaminergic neuromediators but that do not induce drug escape phenomena and the secondary effects of amphetamines should be tried.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome: A Pharmacologic Study of Five Cases

Marescaux¹,

Hirsch²,

Finck

et al. 1990

Epilepsia

195

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Five children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome (epilepsy, acquired aphasia, and continuous spike-wave discharges during sleep), were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), sleep-modifying drugs, and corticosteroids. The pharmacologic profiles differed from those observed in focal epilepsies, resembling instead those of certain generalized epilepsies, such as West or Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. Phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ), and phenytoin (PHT) were ineffective or worsened the EEG and neuropsychological symptoms, whereas valproate (VPA), ethosuximide (ESM), and benzodiazepines were partially or transiently efficacious. Dextroamphetamine produced a dramatic but transient improvement in waking and sleep EEG in one of two children; aphasia did not change. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in improved speech, suppression of seizures, and normalization of the EEG in three of three children. Our own experience and data from the literature suggest that corticosteroids should be given in high doses as soon as the diagnosis is firmly established and should be continued in maintenance dose for several months or years to avoid escape. Early diagnosis, before mutism or global deterioration develops, appears to be essential for effective therapy with minimal neuropsychological sequelae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome: A Pharmacologic Study of Five Cases

Marescaux¹,

Hirsch²,

Finck

et al. 1990

Epilepsia

195

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“…As a consequence the efficacy of stimulants within predominantly male samples has been well documented in the literature [87][88][89][90][91][92] reducing both ADHD symptoms and related aggression and hostility [93]. Despite evidence that in recent years prescriptions for ADHD medications have increased at a greater rate for females than for males [45], females continue to be less likely than males to receive stimulant medication for the treatment of ADHD [73,94].…”

Section: Are Stimulants Efficacious and Well Tolerated By Both Sexes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulant Drug Effects on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of the Effects of Age and Sex of Patients

Cornforth¹,

Sonuga‐Barke²,

Coghill³

2010

CPD

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Objective: Because dopamine functioning varies by sex and age it might be expected that the effects of methylphenidate or amfetamine, the psychostimulants used for the treatment of Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), will also be moderated by these factors.Here we review the published literature on whether stimulant effects in ADHD symptoms vary by age and sex. Results: Randomised controlled trials confirm that stimulant medication is efficacious for, and well tolerated by, males and females and patients across the age range; although preschoolers appear to have a less beneficial response and more side effects. Few studies that specifically examined the moderating effect of age and/or sex were identified. For sex, no effects on overall response were found, although one study reported that sex moderated methylphenidate pharmacodynamics. The few effects found for age were small and inconsistent. Conclusions:The available evidence suggests that stimulant medication, when appropriately administered, has efficacy as an ADHD treatment for both sexes and across all ages. There are currently too few published papers examining the effects of sex and age to draw strong conclusions about moderation. Further studies of the pharmacodynamics of stimulants on ADHD MEDICATION MODERATORS 3 symptoms measured using objective tests in the laboratory or classroom setting need to be undertaken.

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“…Heterogeneity, as measured by the heterogeneity statistic (Q), was not significant at the p < 0.1 level in either meta‐analysis. The effect size for DEX is 0.652 (95% CI = 0.220−1.083) and for MPH is 0.615 (95% CI = 0.421−0.810), as calculated from four [18−21] and 13 [22−33] RCTs, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cost-effectiveness of dexamphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Donnelly

Haby

Carter

et al. 2004

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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MPH and DEX are cost-effective interventions for childhood ADHD. DEX is more cost-effective than MPH, although if MPH were listed at a lower price on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme it would become more cost-effective. Increased uptake of stimulants for ADHD would require policy change. However, the medication of children and wider availability of stimulants may concern parents and the community.

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Aggression in Hyperactive Boys: Response to d-Amphetamine

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome: A Pharmacologic Study of Five Cases

Landau‐Kleffner Syndrome: A Pharmacologic Study of Five Cases

Stimulant Drug Effects on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of the Effects of Age and Sex of Patients

Cost-effectiveness of dexamphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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