Aggression in Knockout Mice

Nelson, Randy J.; Chiavegatto, Silvana

doi:10.1093/ilar.41.3.153

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Ast-IL-6R KO mice exhibited an increased latency to attack and a tendency to have fewer attacks when acting as residents, indicating that they were less motivated to aggressively defend their territory. These differences were not seen when they acted as intruders, possibly because it tests another type of aggression different from the territorial one, as it could be either defensive or fear-induced aggression (Nelson and Chiavegatto, 2000). Regarding affiliative behavior, neither total IL-6 KO nor Ast-IL-6 KO mice differed significantly from their controls.…”

Section: Social Behaviormentioning

confidence: 87%

Astrocytic IL-6 mediates locomotor activity, exploration, anxiety, learning and social behavior

Erta

Giralt

Esposito

et al. 2015

Hormones and Behavior

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Section: Social Behaviormentioning

confidence: 87%

Astrocytic IL-6 mediates locomotor activity, exploration, anxiety, learning and social behavior

Erta

Giralt

Esposito

et al. 2015

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Finally, more sophisticated analyses of endocrine effects on brain structure underlying agonistic behaviour [26,70], increased knowledge of the enzymatic substrates that mediate important transitions from less active to more active steroid moieties (and vice versa; [15,28]) and an appreciation that variation in carrier peptides is critical for estimating the actual exposure of steroid-sensitive brain mechanisms to hormones [36] will enrich our understanding of gonadal influences on aggressive behaviour. What is perfectly clear, however, is that the kind of variation in mechanism-behaviour relationships revealed in this review, which has its roots in the operation of natural selection on these systems, can provide us with knowledge as rich and informative as data gleaned from induced genetic variation from steroid receptor knock-out models and other laboratory constructs [99,100].…”

Section: Summary Conclusion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of androgenic steroid hormones on female aggression in ‘atypical’ mammals

French

Mustoe

Cavanaugh

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Dimorphism on dominance and agonistic behaviour in mammals tends to be strongly biased toward males. In this review, we focus on a select few species of mammals in which females are as or more aggressive than males, and/or are dominant to males, and explore the role of androgenic hormones in mediating this important difference. While the data are not as clear-cut as those published on traditional laboratory mammals, our review highlights important endocrine substrates for both organizational and activational influences of steroids on female aggressive behaviour. We highlight areas in which further observations and experiments are crucial, especially the potential facilitative effects of androgens on female aggression. Finally, new and innovative techniques, including molecular genetics and receptor pharmacology, portend important insights into the ways in which androgenic hormones regulate aggressive behaviour in 'atypical' female mammals.

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“…In the RI test, an individual test animal was confronted with a group-housed standard opponent (A͞J) in its home cage, which induces strong territorial behavior in the residential animal (32,34). One set of test animals was group-housed before the RI test and the second set of mice was individually housed 24 h before the RI test.…”

Section: Territorial Aggression [Resident-intruder (Ri) Test]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Y1 receptors regulate aggressive behavior by modulating serotonin pathways

Karl

Lin

Schwarzer

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is pivotal in the coordinated regulation of food intake, growth, and reproduction, ensuring that procreation and growth occur only when food is abundant and allowing for energy conservation when food is scant. Although emotional and behavioral responses from the higher brain are known to be involved in all of these functions, understanding of the coordinated regulation of emotion͞behavior and physiological functions is lacking. Here, we show that the NPY system plays a central role in this process because ablation of the Y1 receptor gene leads to a strong increase in territorial aggressive behavior. After exposure to the resident-intruder test, expression of c-fos mRNA in Y1-knockout mice is significantly increased in the medial amygdala, consistent with the activation of centers known to be important in regulating aggressive behavior. Expression of the serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] synthesis enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase is significantly reduced in Y1-deficient mice. Importantly, treatment with a 5-HT-1A agonist, (؎)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, abolished the aggressive behavior in Y1-knockout mice. These results suggest that NPY acting through Y1 receptors regulates the 5-HT system, thereby coordinately linking physiological survival mechanisms such as food intake with enabling territorial aggressive behavior. Aggression is a fundamental behavior that has evolved to help organisms compete for limited resources and, therefore, to guarantee survival of the species. Behavioral, pharmacological, and genetic studies have shown that specific neuronal circuits and various neurotransmitters and hormones modulate impulsiveness and aggressiveness in animal models as well as humans (1, 2). In particular, brain areas such as the olfactory bulb, the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, several hypothalamic structures, and the area of the periaqueductal gray have been implicated in the regulation of emotion-and aggression-related behavior (3).Although science has begun to reveal these neuronal circuits involved in regulating aggression, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that link particular physiological events with appropriate aggressive behavior. For example, aggressive behavior could be advantageous for hunting or defending a territory, especially when an individual is hungry and there is competition for a limited food supply. Similarly, aggression in males of many species can be advantageous in attracting the fittest partner. However, the mechanisms by which aggression and appetite or aggression and sexual drive are coordinately regulated are unknown.We hypothesized that the evolutionary conserved neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its Y-receptor system may fulfill this important role of integrating aggressive behavior, especially territorial aggressive behavior, with other survival-related physiological functions. NPY is widely expressed in the brain, including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, the septum, and the brainstem (4). Central NPY syst...

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Aggression in Knockout Mice

Cited by 41 publications

References 84 publications

Astrocytic IL-6 mediates locomotor activity, exploration, anxiety, learning and social behavior

Astrocytic IL-6 mediates locomotor activity, exploration, anxiety, learning and social behavior

The influence of androgenic steroid hormones on female aggression in ‘atypical’ mammals

Y1 receptors regulate aggressive behavior by modulating serotonin pathways

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