Aggressive angiomyxoma to 57-year old man

Kirkilessis, George; Kakavia, Kyriaki; Bougiouklis, Dimitrios; Papadopoulos, Anastasios G.; Lampropoulos, Charalampos; Kirkilessis, Ioannis

doi:10.1093/jscr/rjaa313

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…AAM or deep angiomyxoma is a rare and special type of soft tissue tumor that is recognized as a mesenchymal malignant tumor by the World Health Organization and was first described by Steeper and Rosai in 1983 ( 29 ). Aggressiveness refers to the nature of the tumor, local infiltration process, and frequent recurrence as opposed to its malignant potential ( 29 ). It rarely occurs in men, especially in the scrotum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differential diagnosis of AAM with other tumors mainly contains angiomyofibroblastoma (presents as thin-walled blood vessels and perivascular cuffing by bland-appearing stellate, areas of marked hyalinization and spindled and plasmacytoid cells, as well as well-circumscribed or encapsulated tumors), myxoid neurofibroma (commonly occurs in extremities and is strongly positive for S-100), myxoma (usually occurs in the muscles of the extremities and are fibroblastic in nature), myxofibrosarcoma (a malignant tumor in which mitotic activity is usually readily identified), myxoid liposarcoma (univacuolated lipoblasts and abundant thin-walled vessels) ( 19 ). Other differential diagnosis includes perineal cyst, inguinal hernia, hydrocele, abscess which can be distinguished from AAM by US or other auxiliary examinations ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggressive Angiomyxoma in the Scrotum: A Case Series and Literature Review

Sun

Lian

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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PurposeAggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) was identified as a distinct clinicopathological entity in 1983. Since then, a few cases of its occurrence in the scrotum have been reported. This case series was performed to increase clinicians' understanding of the clinical features and treatment of AAM in the scrotum.MethodsWe evaluated the clinical presentations, treatments, and follow-up of two patients with AAM in the scrotum in our hospital and 34 cases reported in the literature.ResultsAmong the 36 patients, the average age was 48.3 ± 20.6 years old (range from 1 to 81); the average maximum diameter of the tumor was 8.36 cm (1.6–25 cm); the site of one (2.78%) patient was located in the epididymis, two (5.56%) in the testes, five (13.89%) in the spermatic cord, and 28 (77.77%) in the scrotum. The clinical symptoms were generally non-specific and 20 patients inadvertently discovered their slow-growing painless masses. The treatments for all these patients were surgical excision once the tumor had been found and one case underwent excision followed by radiotherapy. The median follow-up time for the remaining 32 cases was 24.5 months (1 to 84 months). Recurrence occurred in three cases (9.09%) at the primary sites and no cases of distant metastasis.ConclusionAAM of the scrotum can occur in middle-aged and elderly men. The clinical manifestation generally involves a long history of asymptomatic masses or swelling in the scrotum. Ultrasound is the most commonly used diagnostic technique but magnetic resonance imaging may be more effective. The mainly treatment is surgical excision and postoperative histopathological examination is still the gold standard for its diagnosis. Although it is locally aggressive, metastasis is extremely rare in males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive Angiomyxoma in the Scrotum: A Case Series and Literature Review

Sun

Lian

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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“…AA was rst described by Steeper and Rosai in 1983 (3). AA occurs mainly in women of reproductive age, with a peak incidence in the 4th decade of life (2). The male-to-female ratio of AA is 1:7 (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The male-to-female ratio of AA is 1:7 (3). The term aggressive was introduced to emphasize the locally aggressive behavior and the high potential for local recurrence, it does not re ect a high probability for metastasis (2,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis analysis of Aggressive angiomyxoma: A Retrospective Study

You

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare, locally invasive mesenchymal neoplasm with a high recurrence rate. However, our current research on the clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies and prognosis of aggressive angiomyxoma is limited. This study aimed to improve the management of aggressive angiomyxoma by evaluating the clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic factors associated with aggressive angiomyxomas. Methods: Retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients histopathologically diagnosed with aggressive angiomyxomas from May 2005 to January 2022. Data related to clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and survival time were recorded and analyzed. Survival and prognosis analyses were carried out to identify variables significantly associated with the outcomes. Results: fourteen patients were included in the study with a median follow-up of 78.8 months. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor margin (P=0.012) and initial treatment site (P=0.039) as associated with disease-free survival (DFS). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that tumor margin had a greater effect on the prognosis of patients. Patients with positive tumor margins had a significantly lower probability of survival with DFS than those with negative margins (HR= 3.41, CI:2.73-15.74, P=0.012). Meanwhile, we found that patients who underwent surgery in other hospitals had a lower probability of survival with DFS. This difference in survival was statistically significant (HR=1.48, CI:1.09-2.50, P=0.039). To further demonstrate the results of this study, we constructed a Nomogram model. The results showed that the tumor margin and initial treatment site had the greatest effect on patient prognosis and the greatest contribution to risk score, which confirmed the results of Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. Conclusion: Tumor margin and initial treatment site are closely associated with prognosis in aggressive angiomyxomas. Radical resection with negative tumor margins is the first choice of treatment for aggressive angiomyxomas. Patients with aggressive angiomyxomas should go to the comprehensive authoritative hospitals to obtain definitive diagnosis and effective treatment in in earlier stage. Furthermore, Patients with aggressive angiomyxomasrequire long-term follow-up, especially within three years after surgery.

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