Aggressive behavior in the rat: Effects of isolation, and olfactory bulb lesions

Bernstein, Henry H.; Moyer, K. E.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90155-1

Cited by 97 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results obtained when intermale fighting is compared in isolated and grouphoused rats are somewhat ambiguous. Bernstein and Moyer (1970) and Garattini, Giacalone, and Valzelli (1967) both noted that fighting behavior is little modified by even 7 weeks of individual housing. In contrast, a number of reports (Bevan, Bloom, & Lewis, 1951;Seward, 1945;Sigg, Day, & Colombo, 1966;Yen, Day, & Sigg, 1962) have utilized isolation to generate intermale aggression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident rats’ aggression toward intruders

Brain

Benton

Howell

et al. 1980

Animal Learning & Behavior

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A study was performed in which attacks by four different types of "resident" rat (males housed with fertile females, males housed with sterile females, paired males, and isolated males) on six different types of intruder (isolated males, grouped males, castrated males, isolated females, grouped females, and ovariectomized females) were investigated. The objective was to study features of resident and intruder rats that would allow the designing of an aggression test that used a minimum of animals and produced a rapid behavioral response. In some combinations of residents and intruders, attack was generated within a Ifl-min test period. Isolated resident males attacked as much as males housed with females; however, paired rats showed only low incidences of attack. The fertility of the female partner did not influence the male's aggressiveness. Most male attacks were directed towards like-sexed intruders. Only isolated males differentiated between the different treatment types of male intruder, attacking group-housed and castrated rats less intensely than isolates. Of the females, only those that were fertile produced significant amounts of attack behavior and almost exclusively attacked female intruders. Group-housed intruder females received more attacks than isolates. The results suggest optimal conditions for generating two models of attack behavior in the laboratory rat.Laboratory rat strains show relatively little spontaneous fighting; Lockard (1968) pessimistically attributed this to their retention of only vestigial remnants of the attack and defense patterns of their ancestors. However, recent studies suggest that isolation (which is the common method of generating fighting in mice) is not the optimal strategy for generating high levels of intermale fighting in rats: colony-housed wild-strain rats (Rattus norvegicus 1.) have been found to direct vigorous attack towards intruder animals (Barnett, 1958(Barnett, , 1969Calhoun, 1962). Blanchard, Fukunaga, Blanchard, and Kelley (1975) and Flanelly and Lore (1977) also describe how small mixed-sex colonies of rats consistently attack "intruder" animals. The intensity of attack in this intruder-resident model of aggression appears to be influenced by a range of variables including

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident rats’ aggression toward intruders

Brain

Benton

Howell

et al. 1980

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Paired animals were placed in an experimental chamber similar to that described by Bern stein and Moyer (4). The test cage used was 30,< 25 % 25 cm with a grid floor of 1/8 in.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Aspects of Aggressive Behavior Induced by Sustained High Dose of Theophylline in Rats

Sakata

Fuchimoto

1973

Jpn.J.Pharmacol

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Abstract-Sustained injection with a high dose of theophylline increased aggressive ness in rats in both behavioral ratings and paired fighting. In the latter test, 50 of theophyllinized pairs took the fighting position following a hand-clap and the 75 of treated rats were dominant over control partners. In the open field test, the theo phyllinized rat discharged fewer boluses, but there was no change in ambulatory ac tivity. The present results support the finding in our previous study that demonstrated the production of affective aggression with the chronic treatment of theophylline.A previous study (1) has shown that the repeated administration of large doses of theophylline induced affective aggressive behaviors in rats. The purpose of the present report is to extend this study. I n order to achieve a quantification of this form of aggres siveness, the procedures of the aggressiveness rating, the reflexive fighting test and the open field test were utilized. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale albino rats of the Wistar strain, 95-110 days of age were used at the beginning of the experiment. 26 subjects were randomly divided into 14 as the theophylline group and 12 as the saline control. The dose of theophylline used was five mg in one m] saline per 100 g body wt. and the same volume of saline was injected into the controls. During the experiment, each subject was injected i.p. twice daily for 20 days at a two hr interval. All subjects were restricted to 20 of their usual diet, but had free access to water.The open field, aggressiveness rating and the reflexive fighting tests, were performed to accomplish measurement of aggressiveness in rats. Each test was carried out once before and once after the course of injections. These three tests were done three, two and one day before and 17, 18 and 20 days after the injection, respectively.A more detailed description of the method is described in a previous report (1). Procedures were as follow: Open field testing-The area used consisted of a round field 60 cm in diameter with a sheet-tin wall 47 cm in height, painted flat gray except for thin red concentric circles and radial lines which divided the floor into 19 blocks. The field was illuminated by a 30-w fluorescent circle lamp with a shade from a height of 80 cm to diffuse the illumination as uniformly as possible over the field. Each subject was placed individually into the center circle of the field for a three minute period. Since Whimbey *

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“…In fruit flies, the male-specific transcription factor fruitless is required for the appropriate functioning of the components of the olfactory system, and in its absence male flies have been shown to court other male flies or to abolish all courtship behaviors. Female rats whose olfactory bulbs are surgically removed have been shown to lose their normal nursing behaviors as well as other maternal behaviors like retrieving pups that have been taken out of their nest, and male rats lose their aggression to non-conspecific male intruders [10][11][12].…”

Section: Importance Of Olfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Olfaction

Sharma

Matsunami

2014

Bioelectronic Nose

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Molecular mechanisms of olfaction have been intensively studied in the last quarter century. Receptors by which olfactory stimuli are detected are vastly different between different animal species and even between different olfactory organs of the same species. This chapter includes a description of the anatomy of the mammalian olfactory system and an overview of the receptors. The signaling mechanism and expression pattern of these receptors is discussed along with how the brain decodes olfactory information gathered from the environment and then translates these signals into behaviors. This chapter also contains brief comparison of the fish, insect and nematode olfactory receptors. Importance of OlfactionA sense of smell is crucial for the survival of any species, and in our own experience, we detect dangers like fire or spoilt food with our noses. The hedonistic pleasure derived from eating and drinking is also heavily reliant on the sense of smell. Olfaction is an important tool used in so many facets of animal life and is often the deciding factor between surviving an encounter with a predator, passing on genes to offspring and finding a source of food. Although Santiago Cajal described the peripheral olfactory system in 1891, very little was uncovered about the mechanisms of odor detection and differentiation in the next 100 years, and the olfactory system continues to elude our understanding. The method by which sensory inputs are converted to behavioral output is still a mystery.

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Aggressive behavior in the rat: Effects of isolation, and olfactory bulb lesions

Cited by 97 publications

References 24 publications

Resident rats’ aggression toward intruders

Resident rats’ aggression toward intruders

Further Aspects of Aggressive Behavior Induced by Sustained High Dose of Theophylline in Rats

Mechanisms of Olfaction

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