Aggressive behaviour of children aged 6–11: Gender differences and their magnitude

Archer, John; Pearson, Norma A.; Westeman, Karin

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00839.x

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cogn Ther Res (2011) 35:199-208 205 finding supports the results from other study reports that adolescent boys have higher levels of aggression (Archer et al 1988;Bongers et al 2004;Hyde 2005;Martino et al 2008). Boys are more likely to be physically aggressive and girls tend to substitute indirect (non-confrontational) forms of aggression than more direct ones.…”

Section: Gender Differencessupporting

confidence: 91%

Anger, Aggression, and Irrational Beliefs in Adolescents

et al. 2010

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This study examined whether a combination of anger, hostility, and irrational beliefs, i.e., intolerance of rules frustration, intolerance of work frustration, demands for fairness, and self-downing would predict physical, verbal, and indirect aggression and peer ratings of aggression. Follow-up analysis tested gender as a moderator of the relations between irrational beliefs and aggression, and anger and aggression. One hundred thirty-five high school-aged adolescents completed measures of irrational beliefs, anger, hostility, and aggression. Results demonstrated that gender, anger, and an irrational belief of intolerance of rules frustration predicted physical aggression, while anger and irrational belief of intolerance of rules frustration uniquely predicted indirect aggression. Anger alone predicted verbal aggression. Males were more likely to report higher rate of physical aggression and were voted to be more aggressive by their peers. However, gender did not moderate the relations between cognition and aggression, and anger and aggression. Treatment and research implications are discussed.

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Section: Gender Differencessupporting

confidence: 91%

Anger, Aggression, and Irrational Beliefs in Adolescents

et al. 2010

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“…If one assumes that these particular boys also showed higher levels of physical and direct verbal aggression than the girls, then these results are consistent with Bandura's [1973Bandura's [ , 1977 claim that the anticipated consequences of a behaviour influences its frequency of occurrence. Although Perry et al [1989] later found fewer sex differences and concluded that the results of the 1986 study were confounded by the sex of the target (with children tending to report on same-sex aggression), there is evidence to suggest that both girls and boys employ more same-sex than cross-sex aggression [e.g., Archer et al, 1988]. There is also evidence to suggest that children's friendship groups tend to consist of same-sex peers [see Daniels-Bierness, 1989].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim and peer group responses to different forms of aggression among primary school children

Tapper

Boulton

2005

Aggr. Behav.

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Both behaviourist and social learning theory emphasise the importance of the consequences of a behaviour on its subsequent frequency of occurrence [e.g., Bandura, 1973[e.g., Bandura, , 1977Skinner, 1953]. Despite this, very little is known about the types of consequences children receive when they aggress towards other children. The present study employed a wireless microphone and hidden camera to record victim and peer responses to primary school children's physical, verbal, indirect, and relational forms of aggression. The results showed that the most frequent consequences of aggression were victim retaliation or withdrawal, and peer support. In addition, the results showed limited support for the suggestion that sex differences in the use of different types of aggression arise due to differential reinforcement from victims and/or peers. The implications of the results for the development of interventions aimed at reducing aggression are considered along with alternative explanations for sex differences in aggression. Aggr. Behav. 31:238-253, 2005. r

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“…It was predicted that when the aggressor was a male, the participants would predict that he would use direct aggression (physical and verbal) more than when the aggressor was a female; the results confirmed this. Since previous research supports the view that indirect aggression is more typical of females [1,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38][39], and more experience with a certain behavior will enhance stereotypical beliefs between sex differences in aggressive behavior [43], it was predicted that females would be predicted to use indirect aggression more often than males, and as expected, results confirm this hypothesis; when the aggressor was a female, the adolescents predicted that the aggressor would use indirect aggression more than when the aggressor was a male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Adolescents' Predictions of Aggressive Behavioral Patterns in Different Settings

Romero¹

2011

TOPSYJ

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Few studies have examined adolescents' predictions of aggression involving other adolescents; previous research has focused mainly on studying the perceptions of physical aggression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore adolescents' predictions of physical, verbal, and indirect aggression in hypothetical scenarios of aggression and to establish any sex differences in these predictions. A total of 653 adolescents aged 14 to 18 participated in the study. The sex of the aggressor and the sex of the target were manipulated, and participants' predictions of the likelihood of aggressive behavioral patterns were measured through the use of a questionnaire. Results showed a significant interaction between the two independent variables. More specifically, results showed that (i) when the aggressor and the target were both males, the subjects more often predicted that the aggressor would use physical and verbal aggression; (ii) when the aggressor and the target were both females, subjects predicted that the aggressor would use more indirect aggression; (iii) males predicted the use of physical aggression more readily when the target was a male; (iv) females predicted the use of verbal and indirect aggression more readily than males when the target was a female; and (v) the situations in which subjects predicted that the aggressor would use more physical, verbal and indirect aggression were when the aggression took place between peers, followed by situations in which aggression took place in a domestic context.

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Aggressive behaviour of children aged 6–11: Gender differences and their magnitude

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Anger, Aggression, and Irrational Beliefs in Adolescents

Anger, Aggression, and Irrational Beliefs in Adolescents

Victim and peer group responses to different forms of aggression among primary school children

Adolescents' Predictions of Aggressive Behavioral Patterns in Different Settings

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