1977
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)57959-8
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Aggressive Versus Conservative Management of Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: Improved modalities to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma will require an aggressive surgical and chemotherapeutic approach. Nephrectomy with hormonal and non-hormonal chemotherapy does improve median survival and 3-year survival significantly. The use of xenogeneic specific immune ribonucleic acid and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin offers promising immunotherapeutic modalities that may be combined with surgical and chemotherapeutic regimens. Early diagnosis of metastatic disease is important to evaluate properly… Show more

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Cited by 136 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…These factors may help us to select patients for whom nephrectomy may be beneficial. Many prognos tic factors such as performance status [9][10][11], tumor size [3], tumor grade [11], gender [12,13] and site or number The group with métastasés to multiple organs had the poorest prognosis (p = 0.015; group with single metastatic focus in a single organ vs. group with multiple-organ métastasés.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These factors may help us to select patients for whom nephrectomy may be beneficial. Many prognos tic factors such as performance status [9][10][11], tumor size [3], tumor grade [11], gender [12,13] and site or number The group with métastasés to multiple organs had the poorest prognosis (p = 0.015; group with single metastatic focus in a single organ vs. group with multiple-organ métastasés.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore most authors are in favour of nephrectomy [11,13,18,19], especially if there is only a single metastasis [7,17,18]. Garfield [13] defines the role of adjunctive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma as follows:…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sites of tumor metastases and recurrence include the lungs, bone, skin, liver, and locally, whereas metastases to the GI tract and pancreas are relatively rare. The incidence of PMs is reportedly around 2.8% in clinical cases [8] and 6% in autopsy cases [9]. In general, these tend to be hematogenous metastases, but this has not been confirmed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%