Aging, Abstinence, and Medical Risk Factors in the Prediction of Neuropsychologic Deficit Among Long-term Alcoholics

Grant, Igor; Adams, Kenneth M.; Reed, Robert J.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790180080010

Cited by 140 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Since our patients were relatively few in number and were followed for only three months, some caution should be observed in drawing conclusions about the irreversibility of the seemingly chronic olfactory impairments. Such circumspection seems especially warranted given that full recovery of some cognitive functions may require more than five years of continual abstinence (4,9,11,12). While some neuroradiological studies have associated alcoholics" cognitive deficits with specific cortical and/or subcortical changes (1, 2, 10, 411, the present study represents the first attempt at such brain-behavior analyses of these patients' olfactory impairments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of olfactory deficits in detoxified alcoholics

Ditraglia¹,

Press

Butters

et al. 1991

Alcohol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of olfactory deficits in detoxified alcoholics

Ditraglia¹,

Press

Butters

et al. 1991

Alcohol

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“…Studies have demonstrated that abstinence after longterm alcohol misuse by elderly people without dementia leads to marked improvement in cognitive deficits (Brandt et al, 1983;Grant et al, 1984). However, Brandt et al also found in their study, which mostly included moderate drinkers with no history of dementia, that even after prolonged periods of abstinence there were still deficits in learning novel associations.…”

Section: Screening For Cognitive Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Alcohol use disorders in elderly people: fact or fiction?

Dar¹

2006

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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). His clinical responsibilities include the Max Glatt Unit (a regional inpatient detoxification unit attached to the hospital) and a community alcohol team. His special interests include substance misuse problems in special populations and the economics of service provision. AbstractThe number of older people is increasing in populations throughout the world. Alcohol use disorders in elderly people are a common but underrecognised problem associated with major physical and psychological health problems. Owing to the negative attitudes and inadequate training of healthcare professionals, alcohol misuse is not always being detected or effectively treated. Current diagnostic criteria and common screening instruments for alcohol use disorders may not be appropriate for elderly people. Older people are as likely to benefit from treatment as younger people and the basic principles of treatment are much the same. Better integrated and outreach services are needed. Training of healthcare professionals in this area and pragmatic research should be prioritised to improve detection, treatment and service provision for this vulnerable and neglected population.

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“…Lack of detected impairment may be more common in non-treatment seeking alcoholics than treatment-seeking ones (Fein and Landman, 2005). Further, studies with larger samples have shown that familial alcoholism, antisocial personality, and physical well-being, all perhaps phenotypes for a more basic genetic trait, as well as age and education, can all predict level of neuropsychological deficits (Grant et al, 1984;Tarter and Edwards, 1986;Parsons, 1987b;Bates et al, 2002;Bates et al, 2005). Our study, however, does not have the power (cf, Bates et al, 2004) to determine whether such variables contributed to the Relapsers' initial superior performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-sectional studies have shown that alcoholics sober for several months (Sullivan et al, 2000d;Sullivan et al, 2002;Meyerhoff, 2005;Rosenbloom et al, 2005), one year (Hochla et al, 1982;Parsons et al, 1990;Munro et al, 2000;Rosenbloom et al, 2004), or as long as seven years (Brandt et al, 1983) may still show memory deficits relative to non-alcoholic controls. However, other crosssectional studies have shown that performance on memory tests is related to length of abstinence (Joyce and Robbins, 1993;Oscar-Berman et al, 2004), and that alcoholics sober for more than 4 years are undistinguishable from controls on memory testing (Grant et al, 1984;Reed et al, 1992;Oscar-Berman et al, 2004;Fein et al, 2006). Furthermore, a longitudinal study showed memory improvement relative to baseline after 4 years of abstinence (Rosenbloom et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure

Rosenbloom

Rohlfing

O'Reilly

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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We investigated whether changes in memory or static balance in chronic alcoholics, occurring with abstinence or relapse, are associated with changes in lateral and fourth ventricular volume. Alcoholics meeting DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence (n = 15) and non-alcoholic controls (n = 26) were examined twice at a mean interval of two years with standard Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) tests, an ataxia battery, and structural MRI. At study entry, alcoholics had been abstinent on average for over 4 months and achieved lower scores than controls on WASI General IQ Index, WMS-R General Memory Index, and the ataxia battery. The ten alcoholics who maintained sobriety at retest did not differ at study entry in socio-demographic measures, alcohol use, or WASI and WMS-R summary scores from the five relapsers. At follow-up, abstainers improved more than controls on the WMS-R General Memory Index. Ataxia tended to improve in abstainers relative to controls. Associations were observed between memory and lateral ventricular volume change and between ataxia and fourth ventricular volume change in alcoholics but not in the controls. Both memory and ataxia can improve with sustained sobriety, and brain-behavior associations suggest selective brain structural substrates for the changes observed.

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Aging, Abstinence, and Medical Risk Factors in the Prediction of Neuropsychologic Deficit Among Long-term Alcoholics

Cited by 140 publications

References 48 publications

Assessment of olfactory deficits in detoxified alcoholics

Assessment of olfactory deficits in detoxified alcoholics

Alcohol use disorders in elderly people: fact or fiction?

Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure

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