Aging and Degradation of Optical Fiber Parameters in a 16-Year-Long Period of Usage

Maslo, Anis; Hodzic, Mujo; Škaljo, Edvin; Mujčić, Aljo

doi:10.1080/01468030.2020.1725185

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A cable and method for monitoring its ageing has been proposed, but this approach cannot be applied to legacy fiber plants [6]. More recently, optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) and power measurements performed on a 24-fiber optical fiber cable 16 years after deployment on a 34-km route showed an average attenuation loss increase of 20% which was attributed to the presence of water in protective fiber optic closure in this specific case [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Optical Span Loss Detected Using the Time Series Decomposition Method

Yameogo

Charlton

Doucet

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Optical fiber cables deployed in the last 30 years have been considered to be long-lived components due to the generally high level of reliability of glass and the robustness of cable construction. Like all other components however, optical cables can change with age as a result of their construction or deployment characteristics as well as operational and environmental stress factors. In this paper, we apply a time-series decomposition method on span loss data collected during 12 months in four bidirectional spans of a production network in order to detect long-term degradation of the fiber plant. After extracting the trend component, a Mann-Kendall test is applied to the span loss curves and a Sen's slope estimator test is used for determining the magnitude of span loss change. The method allows detecting a 1.3 % increase in span loss over the 12-month period of observation in one of the fiber spans. This trend is confirmed using a linear regression model computed according to Theil Sen method applied to additional one-year data. The proposed method can allow the early detection of fiber plant degradation and the proactive planning of fiber replacement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Optical Span Loss Detected Using the Time Series Decomposition Method

Yameogo

Charlton

Doucet

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The addition of the bonded sections to the fiber cable produced no noticeable degradation of the optical signal nor strength/durability of the cable assembly itself, however, the long-term effects of this modification are yet to be studied. Factors such as water aging have been shown to increase fiber attenuation [24], which is a problem which may be exacerbated by the addition of the interval bonded sections. This manufacturing technique is one of many which could be used to secure the optical fiber to the jacket in interval sections and is sufficient for short term installations and laboratory experiments.…”

Section: Fabrication Of the Hybrid Fiber Optic Cablementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Fiber Optic Cable for Strain Profiling and Crack Growth Measurement in Rock, Cement, and Brittle Installation Media

Nowak

Sherizadeh

Esmaeelpour

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technologies such as Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) have broad applicability for the long term and real-time monitoring of large concrete structures, underground mine excavations, pit slopes, and deep subsurface wellbores. When installed in brittle media, however, the meter scale spatial resolution of the BOTDR/A technology prohibits the detection or measurement of highly localized deformations, such as those which form at or along cracks, faults, and other discontinuities. This work presents a novel hybrid fiber optic cable with the ability to self-anchor to any brittle installation media without the need for manual installation along fixed interval points. Laboratory scale testing demonstrates the ability of the hybrid fiber optic cable to measure strains across highly localized deformation zones in both tension and shear. In addition, results show the applicability of the developed technology for strain monitoring in high displacement environments. Linear relationships are proposed for use in estimating the displacement magnitude along discontinuities in brittle media from strain signals collected from the hybrid fiber optic cable. The hybrid fiber optic cable has broad potential applications, such as geomechanical monitoring in underground mines, surface pits, large civil infrastructure projects, and deep subsurface wellbores. The benefits of fiber optic sensing, such as the intrinsic safety of the sensors, the long sensing range, and real time capabilities make this a compelling technique for long term structural health monitoring (SHM) in a wide range of industrial and civil applications.

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“…The analysis starts from the observation that in the system specifications of the ITU-T 984.2 25 , the maximum optical budget available for B + SFP and C + SFP modules, which are used in Open Fiber’s network, are respectively 28 dB and 32 dB; these values are used for network design as well as for adjusting SLAs between Wholesale and Retail operators. However, the optical budget considers an excess margin due to phenomena such as aging and temperature excursions of the optical fiber 35 . Still, it does not exclude a proper operation of the infrastructure for greater attenuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical–economic analysis to identify the acceptable maximum attenuation on PON FTTH lines for wholesale network operators

Mazzei,

Crescitelli,

Fioramanti

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Telecommunications companies are constantly chasing continuous technological advances with their management methods of Operations & Maintenance (O&M) that still struggle to turn their eye toward innovation and simplification of processes. In a future that aims at fully fiber-optic networks, the objective of the research is to propose guidelines and provide data to support the Wholesale Operator for the definition of the acceptable attenuation threshold on the Passive Optical Network Fiber-To-The-Home (PON FTTH) infrastructure to determine the Service Level Agreements (SLA) to be contracted with Retail Operators. Following exceeding the threshold, the Retail Operator has the right to open a Trouble Ticket to request the resolution of the anomaly. Consequently, the definition of the attenuation threshold strongly affects the number of Trouble Tickets to be managed and the related costs the Wholesale Operator bears. This paper analyzes a specific case of the PON FTTH network of the Italian wholesale operator Open Fiber. The studied infrastructure, with a length of 11 km, allows a maximum attenuation of 37 dB without degrading the service. An economic model has been proposed to assess the cost impact of moving the attenuation threshold in the SLA.

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Aging and Degradation of Optical Fiber Parameters in a 16-Year-Long Period of Usage

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Trends in Optical Span Loss Detected Using the Time Series Decomposition Method

Trends in Optical Span Loss Detected Using the Time Series Decomposition Method

Hybrid Fiber Optic Cable for Strain Profiling and Crack Growth Measurement in Rock, Cement, and Brittle Installation Media

Technical–economic analysis to identify the acceptable maximum attenuation on PON FTTH lines for wholesale network operators

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