“…This was explained to be the result of a reduction of developmental reserves and the decrease of plasticity associated with ageing (Baltes, 1997;Brehmer, Li, Müller, von Oertzen, & Lindenberger, 2007;Hertzog, Kramer, Wilson, & Lindenberger, 2009;Stine-Morrow & Basak, 2011;Karbach & Verhaeghen, 2014). Larger benefits for young people than older adults were also observed for some process-based training methods which train WM (Brehmer, Westerberg, & Bäckman, 2012;Dahlin, Nyberg, Bäckman, & Neely, 2008;Dorbath, Hasselhorn, & Titz, 2011;Schmiedek, Bauer, Lövdén, Brose, & Lindenberger, 2010;Zinke et al, 2014). These results were sometimes interpreted in the context of the so-called Matthew effect (or accumulated advantage) -that is, a larger increase in skills among people who already have an advantage in these very skills (in this case among young adults, for whom we do not observe the cognitive decline that is present among older adults) (von Bastian & Oberauer, 2014).…”