Aging and prejudice: Diminished regulation of automatic race bias among older adults

Gonsalkorale, Karen; Sherman, Jeffrey W.; Klauer, Karl Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.11.004

Cited by 125 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Because the fact that prejudice can be defined as having a feeling either favorable or unfavorable toward something in the absence of factual knowledge on the issue (Allport, 1954), and that it often comes from the perceived threats posed by outgroups rather than reasoned arguments (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), it also seems to be a product of System 1 thinking. The finding that older adults are more prejudiced than younger adults is consistent with this interpretation, as older adults have deficits in executive functioning and self-regulatory processes, which in turn leads to a failure in inhibiting their prejudiced attitudes (Gonsalkorale, Sherman, & Klauer, 2009;see also von Hippel, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Analytic Thinking, Religion, and Prejudice: An Experimental Test of the Dual-Process Model of Mind

Yılmaz

Karadöller

Sofuoğlu

2016

The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

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Dual-process models of the mind, as well as the relation between analytic thinking and religious belief, have aroused interest in recent years. However, few studies have examined this relation experimentally. We predicted that religious belief might be one of the causes of prejudice, while analytic thinking reduces both. The first experiment replicated, in a mostly Muslim sample, past research showing that analytic thinking promotes religious disbelief. The second experiment investigated the effect of Muslim religious priming and analytic priming on prejudice and showed that, although the former significantly increased the total prejudice score, the latter had an effect only on antigay prejudice. Thus, the findings partially support our proposed pattern of relationships in that analytic thinking might be one of the cognitive factors that prevents prejudice, whereas religious belief might be the one that increases it.

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mentioning

confidence: 64%

Analytic Thinking, Religion, and Prejudice: An Experimental Test of the Dual-Process Model of Mind

Yılmaz

Karadöller

Sofuoğlu

2016

The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

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“…The Quad Model is a multinomial processing tree model (see Batchelder and Riefer, 1999) in which each path represents a predicted likelihood of making a correct/incorrect response based on a hypothesized model (Conrey et al, 2005;Gonsalkorale et al, 2009;Sherman et al, 2008). For each path, the parameter of a process that has lines leading to it is conditioned on all preceding process parameters.…”

Section: Quad Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in a study of racial stereotyping, Gonsalkorale et al (2009) found that traditional interpretation of the IAT suggested that elderly age was associated with negative racial biases. However, Quad Model fi ndings showed that elderly age was not associated with strong activation of negative race associations, but rather elderly individuals were less likely to engage the self-regulatory process of overcoming their bias.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Cognition and Substance Use: The Role of Controlled and Automatic Processes in Children

O’Connor

Lopez-Vergara

Colder

2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Most cognitive models of substance abuse and dependence posit that controlled and automatic processes are central to substance use. Tests of these models rely on methods that are interpreted to measure one or the other of these processes. There has been growing interest in the use of implicit substance use tasks, which are posited to refl ect automatic processes. Recent model advancements suggest that behavior is determined by multiple cognitive processes and that dualprocess models may provide an overly simplistic account of the cognitive process involved in the assessment of implicit cognition. The goal of the current study was to apply the Quad Model to children's performance on implicit substance use tasks and consider associations with early substance use. Method: Children (N = 378; 52% girls) ranging from 10 to 12 years old completed alcohol and cigarette Single Category Implicit Association Tests (SC-IATs) and self-reports of substance use. Results: Four distinct cognitive processes were found to infl uence SC-IAT performance, one of which refl ected automatic activation, the process typically viewed as central to IAT performance. Differences across drinking status revealed weaker automatic activation of negative alcohol associations for those who had (vs. had not) initiated drinking, and a strong likelihood to overcome biased attitudes was supported for all children. The low prevalence of cigarette use in our young sample prohibited examination of the model across smoking status. Conclusions: Findings suggest that performance on implicit substance use tasks is not process pure. Quantifying and interpreting the multiple infl uencing processes are crucial for further development and evaluation of cognitive risk models of substance use. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 134-143, 2012)

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“…Likewise, longitudinal investigations of aging suggest that a variety of cognitive functions that should be related to implicit cognition change (Salthouse, 2010). This could lead to distinct operative processes at different points of the lifespan or, at least, shifts in the interaction and functioning of explicit and implicit processes (e.g., Gonsalkorale & Sherman, 2009;Stewart, von Hippel, & Radvansky, 2009). Failing to take stock of the development of implicit social cognition will retard progress in development of effective theories of its structure and function.…”

Section: Formation Malleability and Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Social Cognition

Nosek¹,

Hawkins²,

Frazier³

2012

The SAGE Handbook of Social Cognition

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Aging and prejudice: Diminished regulation of automatic race bias among older adults

Cited by 125 publications

References 30 publications

Analytic Thinking, Religion, and Prejudice: An Experimental Test of the Dual-Process Model of Mind

Analytic Thinking, Religion, and Prejudice: An Experimental Test of the Dual-Process Model of Mind

Implicit Cognition and Substance Use: The Role of Controlled and Automatic Processes in Children

Implicit Social Cognition

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