Aging and simple cysts of the kidney

Laucks, S. P.; McLachlan, M. S. F.

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-54-637-12

Cited by 201 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Simple renal cysts are benign masses and are mostly detected with ultrasonography or CT (1). Although the etiology of renal cysts is not known exactly, it is claimed that it may be caused by the obstruction and ischemia of distal convoluted tubule (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Sclerotherapy with 96% Ethanol for Treating Simple Renal Cysts: Pilot Study

Kadıhasanoğlu¹,

Kilciler²,

Atahan³

2016

Istanbul Med J

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Simple renal cysts are those with a benign character, which are frequent and generally asymptomatic, and which involve columnar epithelium (1, 2). Their prevalence increases with age, and it has been shown in studies that they are seen at a rate of 40% in the 40-year-old age group and at a rate of 50% above the age of 50 years (2, 3). Although most of the renal cysts are asymptomatic, patients may have complaints of side pain and hematuria, and also findings such as cyst rupture, hemoperitoneum, and hypertension may be seen (4).Renal cysts can be treated with various methods when they are symptomatic. As they may be symptomatic with pain, they may also be symptomatic with bleeding and superinfection (5). They can be treated with open, laparoscopic, endoscopic, or percutaneous methods (6, 7). Because there may be repeated effusion due to the live cyst wall as a result of cyst aspiration percutaneously, percutaneous methods are used mostly for diagnostic purposes (8). Sclerosing agent injection can be applied afterwards to decrease relapse. Endoscopically, marsupialization or excision of the cyst and removal of the cyst wall with laparoscopic methods are commonly applied treatment alternatives. Among these, percutaneous cyst aspiration and sclerotherapy performed with sclerosing agent injection are the most preferred treatment alternatives because they cause less pain and bleeding, involve a shorter hospitalization duration, and they can be applied even to outpatients (9). It has been demonstrated in previous studies that percutaneous sclerotherapy is practical, effective, and cost effective (10).Sclerotherapy is the prevention of fluid production by destroying the epithelium lining the inside of the cyst and the provision of adhesion (9). Protein denaturation takes place in sclerotherapy performed with ethanol, and fibrous scar tissue forms after cell death (8). Bismuth phosphate, minocycline, ethanolamine oleate, povidone iodine, tetracycline, and iodized oil as sclerosing agents were used with cyanoacrylate, sodium tetradecyl, hypertonic saline, ethanol, and acetic acid (11). Apart from efficacy, showing the least systemic effects or local complications, having high availability, and being cost effective are important in sclerosing agent selection. The cyst fluid volume can be followed, and the sclerosing therapy can be continued by placing the percutaneous nephrostomy catheter for the purpose of increasing the efficacy of the sclerotherapy applied after aspiration of the cyst percutaneously.Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Sclerotherapy with 96% Ethanol for the Treatment of Simple Renal Cysts: Pilot Study Introduction: The objectives of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aspiration with percutaneous nephrostomy tube and sclerotherapy with 96% ethanol for simple renal cyst.Methods: Between 2011-2014, 34 patients with symptomatic renal cysts were included in the study. Mean age was 52.3±4.6 years (range, 39-72 years). The patients had only flank pain. Procedure was performed with ultrasound guidan...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Sclerotherapy with 96% Ethanol for Treating Simple Renal Cysts: Pilot Study

Kadıhasanoğlu¹,

Kilciler²,

Atahan³

2016

Istanbul Med J

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“…False-positive diagnoses of ADPKD occur with CT because of the high prevalence of simple cysts in the general population (24%-47%) (15). The reported prevalence rates of simple cysts increase with age and in men (9%, 27%, 48%, and 60% of individuals,40, 40-60, 60-80, and .80 years of age, respectively) (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported prevalence rates of simple cysts increase with age and in men (9%, 27%, 48%, and 60% of individuals,40, 40-60, 60-80, and .80 years of age, respectively) (15)(16)(17). Bilateral simple cysts occur in 18%, 30%, and 45% of individuals,60, between 60 and 80, and .80 years of age (17).…”

Section: Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Relevant Radiology

Rahbari-Oskoui¹,

Mittal²,

Mittal³

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryAutosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease is a systemic disorder and the most common hereditary renal disease, which is characterized by cyst growth, progressive renal enlargement, and development of renal failure. The cystic nature of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and its renal and extrarenal complications (kidney stones, cyst hemorrhage, intracerebral aneurysm, liver cysts, cardiac valve abnormalities, etc.) give radiologic imaging studies a central role in the management of these patients. This article reviews the indications, comparative use, and limitation of various imaging modalities (ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography scan, Positron emission tomography scan, and renal scintigraphy) for the diagnosis and management of complications in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Finally, this work provides evidence for the value of total kidney volume to predict disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

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“…Renal cysts are acquired lesions that most commonly affect the elderly population [1] . Autopsy studies have reported a 50% incidence of renal cysts after the age of 50 years [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth of Renal Cysts According to the Exophytic Index of the RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System

Park

Kang

2016

Journal of Nephrology Research

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higher than mild and moderate exophytic renal cyst. INTRODUCTIONRenal cysts are acquired lesions that most commonly affect the elderly population [1] . Autopsy studies have reported a 50% incidence of renal cysts after the age of 50 years [2] . The prevalence of renal cysts is approximately 10%, ranging from 4% in the third decade to 19% in the sixth decade [3] . There is an increase in the size and number of cysts over time in cyst-bearing individuals. Previous longterm follow-up data have shown that, simple renal cysts continue to increase in size with age > 10 years, and sometimes increase rapidly, particularly in younger patients [4] . However, this study also showed decreased growth rate of cysts with increased age. Renal cysts originate from weakened of the tubular basement membrane of the distal convoluted or collecting duct cells [2] . As results, a diverticulum is formed, which can subsequently develop into a simple renal cyst [5,6] . The reported risk factors for renal cysts include old age, male gender, renal dysfunction, and hypertension [7] . However, given the retrospective nature of these studies, the associations could be coincidental. The only persistent confounder among all reported associations was increasing age [4,7,8] . Therefore, we analyzed the discrepancy of an increasing rate of simple renal cysts according to initial size, location, and exophytic index stratified using the RENAL nephrometry scoring system in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study populationThis study was conducted after receiving approval from our ABSTRACT AIM: To investigate the growth patterns of renal cysts according to location, exophytic degree and Bosniak classification. METHODS: From December 2000 to September 2012, a total of 252 patients (340 renal cysts) were included in this study. All patients had undergone computed tomography (CT) scans of the kidney level at least twice, and six months apart for any reason. Renal cyst data were assessed according to cyst side (right or left), location (upper, mid or lower), characteristics (Bosniak classification), and exophytic degree (1,2, and 3) which were stratified using the RENAL nephrometry score. The growth rate of renal cyst was analyzed according to each parameter using linear correlation analysis. RESULTS:The mean size of renal cyst increased from 3.81 cm to 3.85 cm during a mean follow-up of 20.1 months, not significantly (p = 0.121). Among 340 renal cyst units, 180 renal cysts had an exophytic degree index of 1 (52.9%), 90 had an index 2 (26.5%), and 70 had an index of 3 (20.6%). After a mean of 20.1 months of follow-up, only exophytic degree 3 renal cysts increased in size significantly from 4.54 to 5.76 cm (p = 0.018). The annual growth rate in exophytic degree 3 renal cysts was 2.4 mm (r 2 = 0.263), which was higher than that for renal cysts at other site locations. CONCLUSION: The growth rate of renal cysts varied according to exophytic location. The growth rate of exophytic renal cysts was

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Aging and simple cysts of the kidney

Cited by 201 publications

References 6 publications

Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Sclerotherapy with 96% Ethanol for Treating Simple Renal Cysts: Pilot Study

Percutaneous Nephrostomy and Sclerotherapy with 96% Ethanol for Treating Simple Renal Cysts: Pilot Study

Renal Relevant Radiology

The Growth of Renal Cysts According to the Exophytic Index of the RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System

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