Aging and the Perception of Motion-Defined Form

Norman, J. Farley; Sanders, Karli N; Shapiro, Hannah; Peterson, Ashley

doi:10.1177/0301006619887331

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Some functions, such as the ability to judge environmental distance, are well preserved with age, while other abilities deteriorate. A good example of this would be motion perception: Aging adversely affects the performance of many motion-related tasks (e.g., Andersen & Atchley, 1995; Ball & Sekuler, 1986; Billino et al., 2008; Billino & Pilz, 2019; Norman et al., 2017; Norman et al., 2003; Norman et al., 2020; Pilz et al., 2010; Shain & Norman, 2018). Given that aging has been shown to negatively affect the functionality of motion-sensitive cortical areas in the dorsal visual stream (e.g., cortical area MT, see Liang et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2009), it is not surprising that older adults exhibit behavioral deficits for tasks requiring the detection of coherent motion, perceived shape from motion, speed discrimination, and so on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visual Perception of Large-Scale Distances Outdoors

et al. 2020

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The ability of 32 younger (ages ranged from 19 to 32 years) and older adults (ages ranged from 65 to 83 years) to visually perceive outdoor distances was evaluated; we used the method of equal-appearing intervals. On any given trial, the observers adjusted five distance intervals in depth so that they all appeared equivalent in magnitude (and equal to a standard initial egocentric distance of 6 m). The judgments of approximately two thirds of the younger and older observers exhibited varying degrees of perceptual compression, while those of the remaining one third were essentially accurate. Unlike a number of previous studies that evaluated the perception of shorter distances, no significant effects of age were obtained in the current experiment. In particular, there were no significant effects of age upon either accuracy or precision. The ability of human observers to evaluate large-scale distances outdoors is well maintained with increasing age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visual Perception of Large-Scale Distances Outdoors

et al. 2020

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“…2c is relatively lower in young adults than older adults. It is because the perceived speed of the reference stimulus could be lower in older adults 39 . Therefore, we compared the changes in the MIPS size and the speed bias between eccentricities to cancel the effect of the perceived speed of the reference stimulus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Position and Predictive Motion Signals in Aging Vision

Jeon

Yun

Kwon

2020

Sci Rep

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We examined the effect of aging on the integration of position and motion signals, which is essential for tracking visual objects, using the motion-induced position shift (MIPS) phenomenon. We first measured the MIPS and bias in speed perception at three eccentricities. Both young and older adults showed the increasing MIPS and decreasing perceived speed as the eccentricity increased, which is consistent with previous literature. More importantly, we found that the mean MIPS was 2.87 times larger in older adults, and the response variability in position tasks showed a larger difference between age groups compared with the difference in speed tasks. We then measured the MIPS across stimulus durations. Temporal changes in the MIPS showed similar patterns in young and older adults in that the MIPS initially peaked at around 60 ms and approached an asymptote. We further analyzed the changes in response variability across stimulus durations to estimate sensory noise and propagation noise separately and found that only sensory noise was significantly larger in older adults. The overall results suggest that the increased MIPS in older adults is due to the increased dependency on predictive motion signals to compensate for the relatively imprecise position signals, which in turn implies that older adults would depend more on the motion signals to track objects.

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“…Given that older adults possess difficulty in perceiving both components of motion (direction and speed 6 – 14 ), their abilities to detect common fate may be reduced as well. In one of the only existing studies of aging and common fate to date, Norman, Sanders, Shapiro, and Peterson 15 presented observers with stimulus displays containing 4,900 rotating line segments. As in the earlier study by Julesz and Hesse 16 , a subset of these line segments (within a rectangular region) rotated at a different speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary goal of the current study was to extend the small literature concerning aging and the perception of common fate by adopting the methodology used by Uttal et al 4 . In the prior experiment of Norman et al 15 , the younger and older observers were required to discriminate the shape of an object defined by common fate. In the experiments performed by Uttal et al, the observers were only required to detect the presence of a moving object defined by common fate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and the detection of moving objects defined by common fate

Norman

Baig

Graham³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Grouping by common fate plays an important role in how human observers perceive environmental objects. In this study, the effect of aging upon the ability to utilize common fate was evaluated. Twenty-two younger and older adults (mean ages were 23.4 and 74.7 years, respectively) participated in two experiments. On any given trial, the participants sequentially viewed two apparent motion sequences and were required to indicate which temporal interval contained a coherently moving dotted line embedded in noisy random background motion. In Experiment 1, the number of dots defining the target was varied, while in Experiment 2, the target interpoint spacing was varied. The younger adults outperformed the older adults by 19.4 percent in Experiment 1 and 50.5 percent in Experiment 2. The older and younger adults were similarly affected by variations in the number of target dots and the target interpoint spacing. The individual older participants’ object detection accuracies were highly correlated with their individual chronological ages, such that the performance of the younger old participants was much higher than that exhibited by the older old. Increases in age systematically affect the ability of older adults to detect and visually perceive objects defined by common fate.

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Aging and the Perception of Motion-Defined Form

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

The Visual Perception of Large-Scale Distances Outdoors

The Visual Perception of Large-Scale Distances Outdoors

Integration of Position and Predictive Motion Signals in Aging Vision

Aging and the detection of moving objects defined by common fate

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