Aging, Bone Marrow and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The aging of bone marrow (BM) remains a very imperative and alluring subject, with an ever-increasing interest among fellow scientists. A considerable amount of progress has been made in this field with the established ‘hallmarks of aging’ and continued efforts to investigate the age-related changes observed within the BM. Inflammaging is considered as a low-grade state of inflammation associated with aging, and whilst the possible mechanisms by which aging occurs are now largely understood, the processes leading to the underlying changes within aged BM remain elusive. The ability to identify these changes and detect such alterations at the genetic level are key to broadening the knowledgebase of aging BM. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an important molecular-level application presenting the ability to not only determine genomic base changes but provide transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq), as well as a high-throughput analysis of DNA–protein interactions (ChIP-seq). Utilising NGS to explore the genetic alterations occurring over the aging process within alterative cell types facilitates the comprehension of the molecular and cellular changes influencing the dynamics of aging BM. Thus, this review prospects the current landscape of BM aging and explores how NGS technology is currently being applied within this ever-expanding field of research.

Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D downregulation is a novel parameter for functional impairment of neutrophils in aged mice

“…Moreover, the immune system is constantly subjected to various factors, such as physiological condition, disease, the microbiome, and aging. These factors subsequently alter the phenotype of immune cells produced in the BM ( 20 , 21 ). To further understand the age-associated impact in the steady state, we first characterized and compared the myeloid lineage cells in the BM between young and aged mice.…”

Effect of Combined Intraosseous and Intraarticular Infiltrations of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Subchondral Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis

“…Moreover, based on our findings, the future study of an 'anti-ageing' function of PRP, performed using direct comparisons between autologous and allogenic PRP treatments, deserves special attention. Furthermore, adapting techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) present tremendous potential and novelty in terms of uncovering these mechanisms, especially considering the anti-ageing function of PRP on MSCs [47]. Altogether, our study has presented evidence that is the first of its kind to assess the impact of IO PRP infiltrations on MSC function in OA patients.…”

Anti-Aging Potential of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP): Evidence from Osteoarthritis (OA) and Applications in Senescence and Inflammaging

“…Double-blinded RCTs assessing PRP’s impact on ARDs will assist in identifying the phenotypes that respond positively to PRP exposure. Long-term investigations and advanced examinations at the cellular and genetic levels, using state-of-the-art techniques such as next-generation sequencing, will help reveal new pathways that could serve as potential therapeutic targets in the future [ 124 ].…”