Aging Gut Microbiota at the Cross-Road between Nutrition, Physical Frailty, and Sarcopenia: Is There a Gut–Muscle Axis?

Ticinesi, Andrea; Lauretani, Fulvio; Milani, Christian; Nouvenne, Antonio; Tana, Claudio; Rio, Daniele Del; Maggio, Marcello; Ventura, Marco; Meschi, Tiziana

doi:10.3390/nu9121303

Cited by 287 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…However, the “aged” microbiota in elderly individuals does not produce these molecules. A number of dietary factors and nutritional interventions with other products exert positive effects on the elderly (Ticinesi et al, ; Cortés‐Martín et al, ; Grosicki, Fielding, & Lustgarten, ; Sandgren & Brummer, ; Vemuri et al, ; Wu et al, ; Gao, Zhang, Huang, Shen, & Qin, ; Jones et al, ; Tran et al, ) or extend the lifespan of rodents (Miller et al, ). Thus, we are proposing a new intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional microbiome deficits associated with ageing: Chronological age threshold

et al. 2019

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Composition of the gut microbiota changes during ageing, but questions remain about whether age is also associated with deficits in microbiome function and whether these changes occur sharply or progressively. The ability to define these deficits in populations of different ages may help determine a chronological age threshold at which deficits occur and subsequently identify innovative dietary strategies for active and healthy ageing. Here, active gut microbiota and associated metabolic functions were evaluated using shotgun proteomics in three well‐defined age groups consisting of 30 healthy volunteers, namely, ten infants, ten adults and ten elderly individuals. Samples from each volunteer at intervals of up to 6 months (n = 83 samples) were used for validation. Ageing gradually increases the diversity of gut bacteria that actively synthesize proteins, that is by 1.4‐fold from infants to elderly individuals. An analysis of functional deficits consistently identifies a relationship between tryptophan and indole metabolism and ageing (p < 2.8e−8). Indeed, the synthesis of proteins involved in tryptophan and indole production and the faecal concentrations of these metabolites are directly correlated (r2 > .987) and progressively decrease with age (r2 > .948). An age threshold for a 50% decrease is observed ca. 11–31 years old, and a greater than 90% reduction is observed from the ages of 34–54 years. Based on recent investigations linking tryptophan with abundance of indole and other “healthy” longevity molecules and on the results from this small cohort study, dietary interventions aimed at manipulating tryptophan deficits since a relatively “young” age of 34 and, particularly, in the elderly are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional microbiome deficits associated with ageing: Chronological age threshold

et al. 2019

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“…Additionally, fast digested proteins seem to better stimulate muscle protein accretion, even if results should be confirmed in larger trials [113]. Some proteins are metabolized to short chain fatty acids (i.e., propionate, butyrate and acetate) which are used by muscle cells to produce energy [116][117][118][119]. Short chain fatty acids also promote muscle anabolism and display anti-inflammatory proprieties [120][121][122][123].…”

Section: Nutritional Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status as a Mediator of Fatigue and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Older People

et al. 2020

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Fatigue is an often-neglected symptom but frequently complained of by older people, leading to the inability to continue functioning at a normal level of activity. Fatigue is frequently associated with disease conditions and impacts health status and quality of life. Yet, fatigue cannot generally be completely explained as a consequence of a single disease or pathogenetic mechanism. Indeed, fatigue mirrors the exhaustion of the physiological reserves of an older individual. Despite its clinical relevance, fatigue is typically underestimated by healthcare professionals, mainly because reduced stamina is considered to be an unavoidable corollary of aging. The incomplete knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms of fatigue and the lack of a gold standard tool for its assessment contribute to the poor appreciation of fatigue in clinical practice. Inadequate nutrition is invoked as one of the mechanisms underlying fatigue. Modifications in food intake and body composition changes seem to influence the perception of fatigue, probably through the mechanisms of inflammation and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we present an overview on the mechanisms that may mediate fatigue levels in old age, with a special focus on nutrition.

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“…Altered endocannabinoid signaling is associated with changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation, and incretin release in human obesity (3,17,97). Changes in the gut microbiome composition also induce gut-barrier dysfunction leading to increase gut permeability (98).…”

Section: Endocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with aging (14), with indices of age-related inflammation (14,15), and with a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome (16). In addition, other extra-gastrointestinal diseases such as atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and neuromusculoskeletal diseases (i.e., cachexia and frailty) are also associated with gut dysbiosis (3,11,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Imbalance of the gut microbiome is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease (22)(23)(24)(25) and multiple sclerosis (26,27) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These signaling mediators are then released into the bloodstream, migrating to distant organs through the gut-brain axis (16), which has led them to earn the name bioactive lipids (42). Multiple bioactive lipids act "on demand, " exerting either pro-or anti-inflammatory actions on the gut microbiome and on the immune and central nervous system (3,17,43), influencing immune regulation, inflammation, and homeostasis (16,(41)(42)(43). Targeting the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and bioactive lipids may be crucial to control metabolism and inflammation, to regulate the gut-brain axis (11), and potentially to modulate cognitive frailty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiome and Bioactive Lipids: Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Frailty

et al. 2020

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Cognitive frailty is a geriatric condition defined by the coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. This "composite" aging phenotype is associated with a higher risk of several adverse health-related outcomes, including dementia. In the last decade, cognitive frailty has gained increased attention from the scientific community that has focused on understanding the clinical impact and the physiological and pathological mechanisms of development and on identifying preventive and/or rehabilitative therapeutic interventions. The emergence of gut microbiome in neural signaling increased the interest in targeting the gut-brain axis as a modulation strategy. Multiple studies on gastroenteric, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases support the existence of a wide bidirectional communication network of signaling mediators, e.g., bioactive lipids, that can modulate inflammation, gut permeability, microbiota composition, and the gut-brain axis. This crosstalk between the gut-brain axis, microbiome, and bioactive lipids may emerge as the basis of a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract cognitive frailty. In this review, we summarize the evidence in the literature regarding the link between the gut microbiome, brain, and several families of bioactive lipids. In addition, we also explore the applicability of several bioactive lipid members as a potential routes for therapeutic interventions to combat cognitive frailty.

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Aging Gut Microbiota at the Cross-Road between Nutrition, Physical Frailty, and Sarcopenia: Is There a Gut–Muscle Axis?

Cited by 287 publications

References 135 publications

Functional microbiome deficits associated with ageing: Chronological age threshold

Functional microbiome deficits associated with ageing: Chronological age threshold

Nutritional Status as a Mediator of Fatigue and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Older People

Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiome and Bioactive Lipids: Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Frailty

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