Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean: Social protection and quality of life of older persons

Aranco, Natalia; Bosch, Mariano; Stampini, Marco; Azuara, Oliver; Goyeneche, Laura; Ibarrarán, Pablo; Oliveira, Déborah; Retana, Maria Reyes; Ramirez, Eric Torres

doi:10.18235/0004287

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…56 For the same reason, older men are more likely to have a better quality of life than women. 57 Therefore, public policies for the aged should focus on gender, especially for females and low-income males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional dentition and well‐being among Chilean 80‐year‐olds

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThe Decade of Healthy Aging 2021‐2030 calls for a strengthening of the policies for older people in Latin America. An example of successful oral aging is the Japanese “8020” campaign, which achieved 50% of people aged 80 years having ≥20 teeth by 2016.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between having a functional dentition (≥20 teeth) and cognitive health, social participation, and quality of life in people aged ≥80 years.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 299 complete observations (weighted N = 436 981) of individuals aged ≥80 years from Chile's National Health Survey 2016‐2017 were included (3% of the population; total = 5520 clinical observations/weighted N = 14 518 969). Generalised structural equation models (GSEM) evaluated the association between having a functional dentition and cognitive health, measured with the Mini‐mental score, between having a functional dentition and social participation, and between having a functional dentition and quality of life, measured with the EQ‐5D‐3L. Models included the effect of mediators (daily fruit and vegetable consumption; oral health‐related quality of life score) and controlled for the exposure‐induced mediator‐outcome variables: sex, educational level, and location. Data were analysed using the STATA‐17 survey module. Statistical significance was set at P < .05 (95% confidence interval [CI]).ResultsThe sample was mostly female, had <8 years of education, and lived in urban areas. The prevalence of a functional dentition was 9.2% (95% CI 3.6,21.3/n = 21). GSEM demonstrated that the association between functional dentition and cognitive health was mediated by daily fruits and vegetables consumption (β = 0.12/95% CI 0.02,0.21/P = .015), with moderate strength of evidence. Additionally, there was strong evidence of an association between functional dentition and social participation frequency (β = 2.76/95% CI 0.60,4.73/P = .009). Finally, the association between functional dentition and quality of life was mediated by cognitive health (β =0.05/95% CI 0.02,0.09/P = .002) and oral health‐related quality of life (β = −0.04/95% CI −0.08 to −0.01/P = .025), with strong and moderate evidence, respectively.ConclusionGiven the beneficial implications of functional dentition in social participation, nutritional benefits and quality of life and well‐being of individuals aged ≥80 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the OECD level, men with a higher educational level live approximately 7 years longer than those with less education 56 . For the same reason, older men are more likely to have a better quality of life than women 57 . Therefore, public policies for the aged should focus on gender, especially for females and low‐income males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional dentition and well‐being among Chilean 80‐year‐olds

et al. 2023

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“…Primarily due to the expansion of these programs in the region, the percentage of people aged 50 to 80 with no source of income has decreased from 29% in 2000 to 18% in 2019. This reduction in the percentage of people with no income has been most pronounced among women, dropping from 41% to 26% over the same period (Aranco et al 2022).…”

Section: Non-contributory Pensionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The size of these programs has increased substantially over the past two decades. The percentage of people over 65 receiving this type of transfer in Latin America and the Caribbean has grown from 10% in 2000 to 21% in 2019 (Aranco et al 2022).…”

Section: Non-contributory Pensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This growth was mainly driven by the expansion of non-contributory pensions. This creates a two-tier system in which the average value of contributory pensions amounts to 56% of wages, while the average value of non-contributory pensions is only 11% of wages (Aranco et al 2022). This segmented pension system has low redistributive power and at the same time may be dampening productivity and economic growth (Levy and Cruces 2021).…”

Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cash Transfers, Poverty, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

Stampini,

Medellín,

Ibarrarán

2023

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We assess the non-contributory cash transfer systems in 17 Latin American and Caribbean countries to identify factors that keep them from reducing poverty and inequality. To perform this assessment, we analyze three dimensions of size (number of beneficiaries, size of transfer per beneficiary, and size of total budget) and three dimensions of targeting (coverage, leakage, and quality of demographic targeting). We identify 67 programs, which fall into three broad categories: conditional cash transfers, non-contributory pensions, and other transfers. We use an international poverty line of 6.85 dollars PPP per day (similar to the average national poverty line of upper middle-income countries) and adjust survey weights to correct for the fact that household survey data often underestimates the official number of transfer beneficiaries compared to administrative sources. We show that two key factors limit the effect of cash transfer programs on poverty and inequality: the small size of their transfers and their historic under-coverage of the population living in poverty. Transfers represent approximately 33% of the poverty gap. Additionally, only 55% of the population in poverty benefits from these programs. Forty-one percent of people living in households that receive at least one non-contributory transfer are above the poverty line. Children and Indigenous people are underrepresented, relative to their poverty rate, in the rosters of beneficiaries. Brazil, Suriname, Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Panama, and Uruguay consistently earn the highest scores across the assessment categories. Our policy recommendations include: (i) intensifying efforts to increase coverage among the poor, using modern poverty mapping techniques along with active, on-the-ground searches and (ii) recertifying eligibility for transfer programs more frequently by using highly interoperable administrative data and social registries. Both efforts are needed to create more efficient income protection systems that address both structural and transient poverty.

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Política pública para la población adulta mayor e impacto de la Pensión Asistencial del Programa «Bono de Desarrollo Humano» en Ecuador

Floril Anangonó

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This doctoral thesis is oriented to contribute to the analysis and evaluation of public policies for older people, executed by the central state in Ecuador, with special emphasis on non-contributory social protection and on people aged 65 years and over who are not covered by the social security. According that goal, it is divided in two roads. On the one hand, from a qualitative approach, the scope of public policies is analyzed, and, on the other, with a quantitative approach, the social pension of the Human Development Bonus program, focused on the population living under poverty, is evaluated.In the qualitative component, the new institutional approach, path dependence and systemic approach are used. They are applied to the analysis of the public agenda as well as the variables of quality and policy coverage. In the quantitative part, an impact evaluation is developed applying the quasi-experimental method, Propensity Score Matching. For the estimations, data from the latest survey of living conditions, carried out in Ecuador between 2013 and 2014, is used.Findings allowed us to identify that the public policies for older people are in a peripheral place in the State priorities. They are affected by an institutional ageism and a pro-poor people orientation. Institutional vision that leaves a part of the elderly out of the benefits. Also, the impact evaluation provided evidence that suggests that the social pension would not be contributing to the reduction of poverty by consumption.

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Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean: Social protection and quality of life of older persons

Cited by 8 publications

References 131 publications

Functional dentition and well‐being among Chilean 80‐year‐olds

Functional dentition and well‐being among Chilean 80‐year‐olds

Cash Transfers, Poverty, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

Política pública para la población adulta mayor e impacto de la Pensión Asistencial del Programa «Bono de Desarrollo Humano» en Ecuador

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