Aging‐Related Balance Impairment and Hearing Loss

Fattal, Deema; Hansen, Marlan R.; Fritzsch, Bernd

doi:10.1002/9781118772034.ch16

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…However, the vestibular system encompasses a more complex organization of its pathways with overlapping inputs from sense organs and other sensory thalamic nuclei to individual vestibular nuclei and numerous efferent projections from the vestibular nuclei across hemispheres to sensory/nonsensory midbrain regions and the hippocampal formation (1, 45). Moreover, unlike primary sensory processing, central vestibular processing is distributed across multiple regions (46). Given these complexities and challenges, studies to examine the broad range of neural targets of individual vestibular nuclei and explore the modulatory effects of the vestibular system on sensory processing remain scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways

Leong

Chan

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of balance, poses significant challenges. Physical constraints limit a subject’s ability to perform motion- and balance-related tasks inside the scanner, and current stimulation techniques within the scanner are nonspecific to delineate complex vestibular nucleus (VN) pathways. Using fMRI, we examined brain-wide neural activity patterns elicited by optogenetically stimulating excitatory neurons of a major vestibular nucleus, the ipsilateral medial VN (MVN). We demonstrated robust optogenetically evoked fMRI activations bilaterally at sensorimotor cortices and their associated thalamic nuclei (auditory, visual, somatosensory, and motor), high-order cortices (cingulate, retrosplenial, temporal association, and parietal), and hippocampal formations (dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and subiculum). We then examined the modulatory effects of the vestibular system on sensory processing using auditory and visual stimulation in combination with optogenetic excitation of the MVN. We found enhanced responses to sound in the auditory cortex, thalamus, and inferior colliculus ipsilateral to the stimulated MVN. In the visual pathway, we observed enhanced responses to visual stimuli in the ipsilateral visual cortex, thalamus, and contralateral superior colliculus. Taken together, our imaging findings reveal multiple brain-wide central vestibular pathways. We demonstrate large-scale modulatory effects of the vestibular system on sensory processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways

Leong

Chan

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These “vestibular dominance columns” may reflect a compromise between molecular guidance cues and their activity-related refinement that was first identified in the visual system 33, 90 . More information on molecular and activity-mediated vestibular projection ordering is needed to guide restoration of vestibular function through neuronal transplantation to prevent falls of the growing number of seniors with vestibular neurosensory loss 140 .…”

Section: Vestibular Maps For Linear and Angular Acceleration Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies on the recently described primary tonotopy-disrupted viable mice 56 could shed light onto limitations of such plastic reorganization. Such information is required for replacements of spiral ganglion neurons to improve hearing in the elderly with sound-induced neuropathy 160 or to improve cochlear implants 140 or replace ears 137 .…”

Section: Tonotopic Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system

2019

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Interaction with the world around us requires extracting meaningful signals to guide behavior. Each of the six mammalian senses (olfaction, vision, somatosensation, hearing, balance, and taste) has a unique primary map that extracts sense-specific information. Sensory systems in the periphery and their target neurons in the central nervous system develop independently and must develop specific connections for proper sensory processing. In addition, the regulation of sensory map formation is independent of and prior to central target neuronal development in several maps. This review provides an overview of the current level of understanding of primary map formation of the six mammalian senses. Cell cycle exit, combined with incompletely understood molecules and their regulation, provides chemoaffinity-mediated primary maps that are further refined by activity. The interplay between cell cycle exit, molecular guidance, and activity-mediated refinement is the basis of dominance stripes after redundant organ transplantations in the visual and balance system. A more advanced level of understanding of primary map formation could benefit ongoing restoration attempts of impaired senses by guiding proper functional connection formations of restored sensory organs with their central nervous system targets.

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“…A growing body of work invested in comprehending the complex developmental program behind the vestibular apparatuses of the inner ear has provided an extensive foundation for understanding diseases involved in this system (Fattal et al, 2018; Toriello & Smith, 2013). In fact, recent research in animal models has already helped to identify the genetic factors behind some disorders that include vestibular dysfunction, such as Branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome, Pendred syndrome, Jervell and Lange‐Nielsen syndrome, Delpire‐McNeill syndrome, and Usher syndrome (Table 1; Ceruti et al, 2002; Kulkarni et al, 2012; McNeill et al, 2020; Stinckens et al, 2001; Weil et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evolution of the vestibular apparatuses of the inner ear

et al. 2021

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The vertebrate inner ear is a labyrinthine sensory organ responsible for perceiving sound and body motion. While a great deal of research has been invested in understanding the auditory system, a growing body of work has begun to delineate the complex developmental program behind the apparatuses of the inner ear involved with vestibular function. These animal studies have helped identify genes involved in inner ear development and model syndromes known to include vestibular dysfunction, paving the way for generating treatments for people suffering from these disorders. This review will provide an overview of known inner ear anatomy and function and summarize the exciting discoveries behind inner ear development and the evolution of its vestibular apparatuses.

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Aging‐Related Balance Impairment and Hearing Loss

Cited by 11 publications

References 137 publications

Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways

Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways

Primary sensory map formations reflect unique needs and molecular cues specific to each sensory system

Development and evolution of the vestibular apparatuses of the inner ear

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