Aging, Skeletal Muscle, and Epigenetics

Stewart, Claire; Sharples, Adam P.

doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000009670

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Interestingly, epigenetics enable the interaction between lifestyle/environmental factors and modifications to DNA and histones, without changes in the DNA sequence. These epigenetic "tags" occurring because of life course events can influence gene expression (Stewart and Sharples, 2022). Thus, our study demonstrated a significant difference in the methylation profile in genes of the PI3K/Akt pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Older postmenopausal women with lower lean mass have hypermethylated sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway

et al. 2023

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Introduction: The decrease in lean mass is directly related to the loss of independence, muscle strength, and worse quality of life over the years. Although the genetic determinants of muscle mass were well recognized, recent literature has been uncovering new epigenetic factors affecting the state of muscular tissue. This study aimed to verify differences in the DNA methylation profile among Brazilian postmenopausal women aged 50–70 years according to the lean mass evaluation.Methods: A cross-sectional study comprised 40 women aged 50–70 years. After K-means cluster analysis the 40 participants were divided into two groups, the Lower Lean Mass group with 20 participants (61.1 ± 4.6 years) and the Higher Lean Mass group with 20 participants (60.7 ± 3.2 years). Lean mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray emission densitometry (DEXA). The participants' DNA was extracted using the Salting Out technique and subsequently, the Illumina 850k EPIC Infinium Methylation BeadChip was performed to obtain methylation data.Results: We obtained 1,913 differentially methylated sites (p ≤ 0.005 of β > 5% and β < −5%) in a total of 979 genes between groups (p ≤ 0.005; −5% > β > 5%). In addition, the PI3K-Akt pathway had the greatest power of significance with an FDR of 4.6 × 10–3.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a differentiation between specific sites of different genes, which have essential functions in body composition and energy metabolism, supporting future studies that aim to relate lean mass with epigenetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Older postmenopausal women with lower lean mass have hypermethylated sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway

et al. 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Then we conducted MR analyses and found that overweight was significantly associated with TL decrease, FI increase and FA increase. TL decrease, FI increase and FA increase could be regarded as the signals of accelerated aging, for which the findings suggested that genetically predicted overweight might be causally related to accelerated aging (Cao et al, 2022 ; Chakravarti et al, 2021 ; Stewart & Sharples, 2022 ). Moreover, the findings suggest that overweight was a risk factor for longevity expectancy, as indicated by the findings that overweight was causally associated with the decreased likelihoods of reaching/exceeding 90th survival percentile and 99th survival percentile, which was consistent with the previous clinical observations (Chen et al, 2019 ; Hensrud & Klein, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mendelian randomization supports causality between overweight status and accelerated aging

2023

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It is reported that overweight may lead to accelerated aging. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the causal effect of overweight and aging. We collected genetic variants associated with overweight, age proxy indicators (telomere length, frailty index and facial aging), etc., from genome‐wide association studies datasets. Then we performed MR analyses to explore associations between overweight and age proxy indicators. MR analyses were primarily conducted using the inverse variance weighted method, followed by various sensitivity and validation analyses. MR analyses indicated that there were significant associations of overweight on telomere length, frailty index, and facial aging (β = −0.018, 95% CI = −0.033 to −0.003, p = 0.0162; β = 0.055, 95% CI = 0.030–0.079, p < 0.0001; β = 0.029, 95% CI = 0.013–0.046, p = 0.0005 respectively). Overweight also had a significant negative causality with longevity expectancy (90th survival percentile, β = −0.220, 95% CI = −0.323 to −0.118, p < 0.0001; 99th survival percentile, β = −0.389, 95% CI = −0.652 to −0.126, p = 0.0038). Moreover, the findings tend to favor causal links between body fat mass/body fat percentage on aging proxy indicators, but not body fat‐free mass. This study provides evidence of the causality between overweight and accelerated aging (telomere length decreased, frailty index increased, facial aging increased) and lower longevity expectancy. Accordingly, the potential significance of weight control and treatment of overweight in combating accelerated aging need to be emphasized.

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The life‐course changes in muscle mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry: The China BCL study and the US NHANES study

Wang,

Gao,

Xiong

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundSarcopenia is an important indicator of ill health and is linked to increased mortality and a reduced quality of life. Age‐associated muscle mass indices provide a critical tool to help understand the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to develop sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles for muscle mass indices in a Chinese population and to compare those indices with those from other ethnicities using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.MethodsWhole‐body and regional muscle mass was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in participants of the China Body Composition Life‐course (BCL) study (17 203 healthy Chinese aged 3–60 years, male 48.9%) and NHANES (12 663 healthy Americans aged 8–59 years, male 50.4%). Age‐ and sex‐specific percentile curves were generated for whole‐body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape statistical method.ResultsValues of upper and lower muscle mass across ages had three periods: an increase from age 3 to a peak at age 25 in males (with the 5th and 95th values of 41.5 and 66.4 kg, respectively) and age 23 in females (with the 5th and 95th values of 28.4 and 45.1 kg, respectively), a plateau through midlife (30s–50s) and then a decline after their early 50s. The age at which muscle mass began to decline was 52 years in men with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 43.5 and 64.6 kg, and 51 years in women with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 31.6 and 46.9 kg. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreased earlier than whole body muscle mass, especially leg skeletal muscle mass, which decreased slightly after age 49 years in both sexes. In comparison with their US counterparts in the NHANES, the Chinese participants had lower muscle mass indices (all P < 0.001) and reached a muscle mass peak earlier with a lower muscle mass, with the exception of similar values compared with adult Mexican and White participants. The muscle mass growth rate of Chinese children decreased faster than that of other races after the age of 13.ConclusionsWe present the sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles for muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by DXA in participants aged 3–60 from China and compare them with those of different ethnic groups in NHANES. The rich data characterize the trajectories of key muscle mass indices that may facilitate the clinical appraisal of muscle mass and improve the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population.

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Aging, Skeletal Muscle, and Epigenetics

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Older postmenopausal women with lower lean mass have hypermethylated sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway

Older postmenopausal women with lower lean mass have hypermethylated sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway

Mendelian randomization supports causality between overweight status and accelerated aging

The life‐course changes in muscle mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry: The China BCL study and the US NHANES study

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