Aging Well

Galiana, Jean; Haseltine, William A.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2164-1

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This insurance plan initially provided long-term care with a focus on the medical care and then evolved to provide a professional long-term care and geriatric services for those with substantial long-term care needs. Currently, the Qingdao program has the most comprehensive coverage and benefits package among the pilot cities [ 22 , 38 ]. Therefore, it is not surprising that Qingdao has the most powerful LTCI policy strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since China launched the LTCI pilot program, many studies have compared the policy documents issued by local governments to assess the implementation schemes of LTCI in pilot cities. They have found that the insurance coverage, eligibility, financing source, care service, benefits, and payments have much in common as well as some differences [ 22 , 23 ]. Several researchers have conducted empirical studies to evaluate the performance of the LTCI implementation in China.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Peng

Deng

Xia

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Although China launched long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilot program in 2016, there are great challenges associated with developing a sustainable LTCI system due to limited financial resources and a rapid increase in the aging population. This study constructed an LTCI policy–population–economics (PPE) system to assess the sustainability of the LTCI system in China. Based on the latest 76 LTCI policy documents published between 2016 and 2021, this study evaluated the strength of LTCI policy modeling in 14 pilot cities by constructing a policy modeling consistency (PMC) index containing 9 main variables and 36 sub-variables. The coupling coordination model was used to evaluate the interaction between LTCI policy, population aging, and economic development. The results showed that the PMC index ranged from 0.527 to 0.850. The policy strength of Qingdao, Nantong, and Shanghai was the highest (PMC > 0.8). Anqing, Qiqihaer, Chongqing, and Chengdu had the lowest level of policy strength (PMC < 0.6). The main policy weaknesses were the coverage of the LTCI, the sources of funds, the scope of care services, and benefit eligibility. The coupling coordination degree of PPE systems varied from 0.429 to 0.921, with a mean of 0.651. Shanghai, Nantong, and Suzhou had the highest level of coordination. The coordination between subsystems of PPE in most pilot cities (12 of 14 cities) was at a basic or low level. The findings from this study concluded that the coordination within the PPE system should be improved to develop a sustainable LTCI system. To improve the coordination of the PPE system, it is suggested that the country should maintain sustainable economic growth and modify LTCI policies based on demographic transitions and economic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Peng

Deng

Xia

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Similarly, a private insurance market may not provide full and comprehensive solutions at affordable prices (Costa-Font and Courbage 2012). Thus, to lower LTC costs and improve access to care for older adults, developing managed care and community and homebased care should be highlighted in a country's reform strategy of LTC system (Galiana and Haseltine 2019). In addition, affordable LTC insurance should be considered essential to sustaining the costs of caring for older adults (Galiana and Haseltine 2019).…”

Section: Challenges Reforms and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to lower LTC costs and improve access to care for older adults, developing managed care and community and homebased care should be highlighted in a country's reform strategy of LTC system (Galiana and Haseltine 2019). In addition, affordable LTC insurance should be considered essential to sustaining the costs of caring for older adults (Galiana and Haseltine 2019). Some countries have been exploring such strategies in their reforms of LTC insurance programs or in some pilot programs.…”

Section: Challenges Reforms and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, the out-of-pocket payments for LTC services for disabled older adults in Qingdao have been significantly reduced (Chang et al 2020). In countries such as the United Kingdom, because costs of long-term care for older people of the future market will likely be affected by the extent of informal care as increasing demand for informal care considerably (Pickard et al 2007;Galiana and Haseltine 2019), a strategy to develop a more affordable LTC system would be more prominent.…”

Section: Challenges Reforms and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Care Financing

Wang¹,

Gu²,

Zhong³

et al. 2020

Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging

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Financing long-term care; Long-term care cost; Long-term care fund Definition Long-term care (LTC) financing refers to the collection, management, and distribution of funds by legal approaches (private insurances, co-payments, taxes, social insurances, etc.) to support the LTC insurance and services for older adults who may require assistance with daily living activities (Stone 2000; Ranci and Pavolini 2013; European Commission 2015) and to ensure the quality and appropriateness of LTC services (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/European Commission 2013; Feng 2019). In most countries, LTC funds can pay for the range of home-and communitybased services, including personal care (bathing, toileting, or eating) and supportive services (house cleaning, meal preparation, or shopping) as well as traditional home healthcare (nursing, therapy, and home health aide care) and community services (home-delivered meals and adult daycare) (Ikegami and Campbell 2002; Manton et al. 2006; Ranci and Pavolini 2013; World Health Organization 2015; Brugiavini et al. 2017). As the definitions and services of LTC vary across countries (World Health Organization and Milbank Memorial Fund 2000), the scope of LTC financing that should be included varies across countries, or even within a country over time, because of different socioeconomic and policy-based considerations. Regardless of its varying scope, LTC financing usually consists of four important components: coverage, financing sources, management, and payment. Overview In tandem with aging populations, the demand for LTC services for a growing number of older people with disabilities or chronic illnesses is increasing rapidly worldwide (O'Leary and Chow 2016). For example, in Europe, the demand is projected to grow from 27 million people in

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Long-Term Care Financing

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging

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Aging Well

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China

Long-Term Care Financing

Long-Term Care Financing

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