Aging well: Processing speed inhibition and working memory related to balance and aerobic endurance

Zettel‐Watson, Laura; Suen, Meagan; Wehbe, Lara; Rutledge, Dana N.; Cherry, Barbara

doi:10.1111/ggi.12682

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Behavioral studies have also reported positive relationships between aging and physical exercise. For example, aerobic and balance training predicted enhanced processing speed, inhibition and working memory [54]. Older adults with an active life-style performed better on working memory, spatial memory, inhibition capacity, and the ability to switch between tasks [35].…”

Section: The Role Of Physical Exercise In Successful Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does physical exercise improve perceptual skills and visuospatial attention in older adults? A review

Muiños

Ballesteros

2018

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Neuroimaging studies suggest that when the brain ages, more areas are involved to perform a task in order to obtain the same results. This, together with the increase in crystalized intelligence and wisdom, is usually considered as a compensatory strategy. Research has demonstrated that physical activity might also act as a strategy and be one of the main factors that can slow down age-related perceptual and cognitive decline. Research also suggests that different types of physical exercise and sport lead to different changes in perceptual and cognitive skills as well as in several areas of the brain, especially those involving multiple domains, such as exergaming, dance or some sports. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies with older adults investigating the brain and cognitive benefits of different forms of physical exercise. Visuospatial attention, which plays a critical role in our daily lives, especially for older adults, is a central part of this analysis.

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Section: The Role Of Physical Exercise In Successful Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does physical exercise improve perceptual skills and visuospatial attention in older adults? A review

Muiños

Ballesteros

2018

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…Aerobic exercise [ 19 – 22 ] and resistance exercise [ 11 , 23 ], both separately and in combination [ 9 , 20 ], can improve cognition in older persons. Additionally, aerobic and balance exercises link to executive function, a component of cognition [ 24 ]. Likewise, coordination exercise can improve cognition in older persons [ 25 – 27 ], appearing to involve in perceptual speed and visual-spatial network [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical, virtual reality-based, and brain exercise on physical, cognition, and preference in older persons: a randomized controlled trial

Htut

Hiengkaew

Jalayondeja

et al. 2018

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

110

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BackgroundPhysical exercise (PE), virtual reality-based exercise (VRE), and brain exercise (BE) can influence physical and cognitive conditions in older persons. However, it is not known which of the three types of exercises provide the best effects on physical and cognitive status, and which exercise is preferred by older persons. This study compared the effects of PE, VRE, and BE on balance, muscle strength, cognition, and fall concern. In addition, exercise effort perception and contentment in older persons was evaluated.MethodsEighty-four older persons (n = 84) were randomly selected for PE, VRE, BE, and control groups. The exercise groups received 8-week training, whereas the control group did not. Balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go test (TUG), muscle strength by 5 Times Sit to Stand (5TSTS) and left and right hand grip strength (HGS), cognition by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Timed Up and Go test Cognition (TUG-cog), fall concern by Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), exercise effort perception by Borg category ratio scale (Borg CR-10), and exercise contentment by a questionnaire.ResultsAfter exercise, PE significantly enhanced TUG and 5TSTS to a greater extent than VRE (TUG; p = 0.004, 5TSTS; p = 0.027) and BE (TUG; p = 0,012, 5TSTS; p < 0.001). VRE significantly improved MoCA (p < 0.001) and FES-I (p = 0.036) compared to PE, and 5TSTS (p < 0.001) and FES-I (p = 0.011) were improved relative to BE. MoCA was significantly enhanced by BE compared to PE (p < 0.001) and both MoCA and TUG-cog were improved compared to VRE (p = 0.04). PE and VRE significantly (p < 0.001) increased Borg CR-10 in all exercise sessions, whereas BE showed a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in the first 4 sessions. Participants had a significantly greater satisfaction with BE than controls (p = 0.006), and enjoyed VRE and BE more than PE (p < 0.001). Subjects in all exercise groups exhibited benefits compared to the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPE provided the best results in physical tests, VRE produced measurable improvements in physical and cognition scores, while BE enhanced cognition ability in older persons. Older persons preferred VRE and BE compared to PE. Both exercises are suggested to older persons to improve physical and cognitive conditions.

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“…Exercise and physical activity may potentially have positive benefit on cognitive function. Observational studies have suggested there may be an interplay between motor and cogni-tive processes, as balance ability and functional ambulatory capacity were positively associated with processing speed, response inhibition and working memory in older adults (1) and the Timed Up and Go test, a measure of functional walking and balance, was an independent predictor cognitive decline after first ischemic stroke (2). In prospective trials, resistance training contributed to improved executive functions in older adults (3), and aerobic training led to increased hippocampal volume and improved verbal memory and learning (4), and spatial memory (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High- and low-intensity exercise do not improve cognitive function after stroke: A randomized controlled trial

Tang¹,

Eng²,

Krassioukov³

et al. 2016

J Rehabil Med

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In contrast to a small body of previous research suggesting positive benefits of exercise on cognition post-stroke, the current study found that 6 months of high or low intensity exercise was not effective in improving cognitive function, specifically executive functions. Further research in this area is warranted to establish the effectiveness of post-stroke exercise programs on cognition, and examine the mechanisms that underlie these changes.

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Aging well: Processing speed inhibition and working memory related to balance and aerobic endurance

Abstract: Better dynamic balance and aerobic endurance predicted enhanced processing speed, inhibition and working memory in older adults, with these last two domains considered components of executive function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 108-115.

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Does physical exercise improve perceptual skills and visuospatial attention in older adults? A review

Does physical exercise improve perceptual skills and visuospatial attention in older adults? A review

Effects of physical, virtual reality-based, and brain exercise on physical, cognition, and preference in older persons: a randomized controlled trial

High- and low-intensity exercise do not improve cognitive function after stroke: A randomized controlled trial

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