Aging with spinal cord injury: A narrative review of consequences and challenges

Guı́zar-Sahagún, Gabriel; Grijalva, Israel; Franco-Bourland, Rebecca E.; Madrazo, Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102020

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…To assess the cytotoxicity of MSR405 on BV-2 cells, the CCK-8 reagent was used to describe their survival viability after treatment with varying concentrations of MSR405 (5,10,20,40,80,160, and 320 µmol/mL) (Figure 4A) Additionally, we found that LPS (2 µg/mL) did not affect cell viability (Figure 4B). Furthermore, we used varying concentrations of MSR405 to culture BV-2 cells for 2 h, and then utilized the LPS (2 µg/mL) for 24 h to incubate the BV-2 cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Msr405 On Bv-2 Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In China, the mean age of SCI cases at the time of injury was between 31.5 and 50.1 years, with a pooled mean age of 45.4 years and the proportion of male patients was higher [ 4 ]. The death of neuronal cells and inflammation following SCI leads to the degeneration and loss of neurological functionality [ 5 ]. About 3–7 days after SCI, infiltrating microglia reach their peak levels, releasing additional pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 6 ], thereby causing secondary damage to the nerve injury site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MSR405: Inhibiting Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Liu,

Xiao,

Gao

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is often ineffective. Additionally, SCI-induced inflammation leads to secondary injury. Current anti-inflammatory hydrophilic drugs fail to reach the nerve injury site due to the blood–brain barrier. Here, we synthesized MSR405, a new lipophilic unsaturated fatty acid derivative of Radix Isatidis and investigated its therapeutic effect in SCI model rats. Furthermore, we systematically investigated its structure, toxicity, anti-inflammatory effect, and the underlying mechanism. MSR405 was injected into the abdominal cavity of the Sprague Dawley SCI model rats, and the effect on their behavioral scores and pathology was estimated to assess the status of neurological inflammation. Our data show that MSR405 treatment significantly improved the motor function of SCI rats, and markedly suppressed the associated neuroinflammation. Moreover, MSR405 could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells (Mouse microglia cells) in vitro. Mechanistically, MSR405 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines, supporting the anti-inflammatory response. Additionally, MSR405 can significantly block the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and nitric oxide production. In summary, MSR405 reduces inflammation in SCI rats through the TLR4/NF-κB signal cascade and can inhibit neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.

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Section: Effects Of Msr405 On Bv-2 Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSR405: Inhibiting Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Liu,

Xiao,

Gao

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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“…Due to the inherent complications of SCI and its heterogeneity, despite the plethora of therapies proposed [ 7 ], limited functional recovery (motor, sensory, and autonomic), allodynia and chronic neuropathic pain management, bladder and bowel dysfunctions, secondary complications (respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and muscular atrophies), psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, and the inequality of access to health among individuals of different populations [ 8 ] remain as unmet medical problems in the field of SCI [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Recovery of Complete Spinal Cord Transection by a Plasma-Modified Fibrillar Scaffold

Osorio-Londoño,

Heras-Romero,

Tovar-y-Romo

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Complete spinal cord injury causes an irreversible disruption in the central nervous system, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic function loss, and a secondary injury that constitutes a physical barrier preventing tissue repair. Tissue engineering scaffolds are presented as a permissive platform for cell migration and the reconnection of spared tissue. Iodine-doped plasma pyrrole polymer (pPPy-I), a neuroprotective material, was applied to polylactic acid (PLA) fibers and implanted in a rat complete spinal cord transection injury model to evaluate whether the resulting composite implants provided structural and functional recovery, using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and tractography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, locomotion analysis, histology, and immunofluorescence. In vivo, MR studies evidenced a tissue response to the implant, demonstrating that the fibrillar composite scaffold moderated the structural effects of secondary damage by providing mechanical stability to the lesion core, tissue reconstruction, and significant motor recovery. Histologic analyses demonstrated that the composite scaffold provided a permissive environment for cell attachment and neural tissue guidance over the fibers, reducing cyst formation. These results supply evidence that pPPy-I enhanced the properties of PLA fibrillar scaffolds as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury recovery.

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