Agnoletti, Mauro (2018). Storia del bosco. Il paesaggio forestale italiano

Zanolin, Giacomo

doi:10.5565/rev/dag.649

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The forests that occupy the Italian territories today result from a long history of human landscape-transforming activities, indeed the woods have been widely exploited and altered by men since ancient times [27]. However, the spruce plantations that occupy the Lombardian Prealps today are a trace of more recent events that have been highly influenced by the historical socio-economic trends.…”

Section: Spruce Monocultures In the Lombardian Prealpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Spruce Plantation on Plant Diversity

Manuzi,

Balestra,

Gatti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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1AbstractAs the effects of climate change are becoming more evident, different countries around the world are adopting new policies to intervene on the regulation of greenhouse gasses emission. Recent frameworks acknowledge the potential contribution that forest ecosystems can give to carbon sequestration. These are indicating reforestation programmes as effective climate change mitigation options. Yet, there are possibilities that reforestation may have counteractive effects on biodiversity. However the long term consequences of reforestation for biodiversity are poorly understood.Reforestation policies have already been widely implemented around the world. For instance, in northern Italy and central Europe plantations of spruce trees (Picea abies) have been highly promoted during the last century. The objective of our research is to address the long term consequences of reforestation by answering the following questions. What is the spruce plantation’s impact on plant diversity? Does the spruce plantation impact environmental factors like luminosity and ground surface temperature and do these environmental factors affect plant diversity? We hypothesize that the spruce plantation causes a reduction of plant diversity. Indeed, we expect that the spruce plantation affects different environmental factors that have an important role in determining plant composition and abundance.To answer our research questions, we have conducted a study in two different sites of the Como Prealps. The potential vegetation of the selected area is represented by mixed forests of deciduous trees dominated by beech trees (Fagus sylvatica). Historically, the land has also been used for grazing and mowing. However, some stands of the potential vegetation are here replaced by spruce plantations, the presence of which is linked to national forestry policies of the twentieth century. For our research we have conducted a total of 100 vegetation surveys to collect data on plant diversity and environmental factors, namely luminosity and ground surface temperature. We then compared plant diversity among land-use treatments (i.e., habitat types): the spruce plantation, the natural mixed forest and the semi-natural grassland-pasture. For our analysis we have used linear regression models to test the impact of the different habitat types on plant diversity. We have also measured covariance and correlation to analyse the relationship between the environmental factors and plant diversity.The analysis on plant diversity reveals the long-lasting impact of spruce monoculture plantation on plant diversity. The number of plant species decreases by 57percent from the grassland-pasture to the spruce plantation and by 41percent compared to the natural mixed forest. Likewise, the diversity of plant functional forms decreases in the spruce plantation as compared to mixed forests and grassland-pasture. At last, although luminosity and ground surface temperature do not vary from the mixed forest to the spruce plantation, we have measured a positive relationship between the number of plant species and the two environmental parameters.Our research provides novel evidence that the spruce plantation negatively impacts plant diversity still one hundred years after. As biodiversity loss and climate change are two interwoven processes, they must not be treated separately. For what concerns future reforestation programmes, we recommend that they include biodiversity-friendly measures and address win-win solutions, for their effectiveness in climate change mitigation would otherwise be compromised.

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Section: Spruce Monocultures In the Lombardian Prealpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Spruce Plantation on Plant Diversity

Manuzi,

Balestra,

Gatti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…La riduzione degli usi civici non fu bilanciata dall'assegnazione di terre. La conseguenza fu che continuò il massiccio attacco ai boschi che erano stati oggetto di assegnazione, per soddisfare le necessità di base della gente, per le colture e l'allevamento (Agnoletti 2018).…”

Section: Cenni Sulla Storia Dei Boschi In Basilicata Nel XIX E Xx Secolounclassified

Caring for the forests of an inland area in the era of climate change: a case study of Basilicata, Southern Italy

Borghetti,

Ferrara,

Moretti

et al. 2024

Forest@

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Caring for the forests of an inland area in the era of climate change: a case study of Basilicata, Southern ItalyThis study provides an overview of the forests of Basilicata, Southern Italy, including their recent history, dominant forest types, current management, and vulnerability to climate change and wildfire. It outlines silvicultural and management proposals that can be implemented in the new forest plan that the Basilicata Region is about to adopt. The proposals are based on the principle of adaptive management to support forest functionality, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Silvicultural methods include continuous cover forestry, natural regeneration, species richness and functional diversity, structural diversification, imitation of natural disturbances, tree retention to increase biodiversity. The characteristics of the forest-wood supply chain have been analyzed, highlighting weaknesses and possible improvements.

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“…It has a wide distribution, ranging from the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas to Scandinavia and from Scotland to the Ural and Caucasus mountains (Eaton et al 2016). Although Q. robur appears to be characterised by a continuous range according to the available distribution maps (Caudullo et al 2017), the species suffers from a high degree of fragmentation, as lowland forests have been increasingly replaced by agroforestry and urban landscapes in large parts of the species distribution over the centuries (Petit et al 2002c;Vakkari et al 2006;Agnoletti et al 2018;Degen et al 2021). In recent decades, fragmentation has been exacerbated by episodes of decline and mortality, which have been fuelled by a complex interplay of changing biotic and abiotic conditions (Gibbs 1997;Ragazzi et al 2000;Thomas et al 2002;de Sampaio e Paiva Camilo-Alves et al 2013;Stojanović et al 2015;Gathercole et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The latitudinal trend in genetic diversity and distinctiveness ofQuercus roburrear edge forest remnants calls for new conservation priorities

Avanzi,

Bagnoli,

Romiti

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Knowledge of the spatial distribution of intraspecific genetic variation is essential for conserving biodiversity, designing rational networks of protected areas, and informing translocation strategies. Although the Italian peninsula likely harbours unique genetic variation as a legacy of Quaternary migrations towards southern Europe, few genetic data are available for many Italian forest tree species and populations.Here, we present the first, comprehensive characterisation of the nuclear genetic variation of Italian populations of pedunculate oak (Quercus roburL.), an iconic broadleaved species of lowland forests. A total of 745 individuals from 25 populations were sampled across the local range of the species and genotyped with 16 microsatellite markers. The genetic layout ofQ. roburpopulations was assessed through various metrics of diversity and distinctiveness, as well as by Bayesian clustering and multivariate methods. Based on the inferred genetic structure, the demographic history ofQ. roburgene pools was evaluated through Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analysis.We found a clear spatial trend in the estimates of genetic diversity and distinctiveness of ItalianQ. roburpopulations. The genetic distinctiveness and private allelic richness values showed a linear decline with increasing latitude, while allelic richness reached its peak in central Italy. We also observed a south-to-north trend in the complexity of genetic structure, with peninsular Italy being characterised by a mosaic of gene pools, in contrast to the homogeneity exhibited by northern Italian populations. Demographic inference indicated that the southern gene pool has had separate dynamics for the last 135,000 years and, therefore, populations in central Italy did not originate from a northward migration route after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Therefore, they were not only a ‘melting pot’ of multiple recolonization routes, but most likely a mosaic of small refugia where pedunculate oak persisted during the LGM.Our results shed new light on conservation priorities for highly fragmentedQ. roburpopulations, and call for consideration of whether treating the southern and central Italian populations as independent conservation units, or intervening to increase their genetic connectivity, is the best strategy for their long-term conservation.

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Agnoletti, Mauro (2018). Storia del bosco. Il paesaggio forestale italiano

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of Spruce Plantation on Plant Diversity

Impact of Spruce Plantation on Plant Diversity

Caring for the forests of an inland area in the era of climate change: a case study of Basilicata, Southern Italy

The latitudinal trend in genetic diversity and distinctiveness ofQuercus roburrear edge forest remnants calls for new conservation priorities

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