Agraphia and acalculia after a left prefrontal (F1, F2) infarction.

Tohgi, Hideo; Saitoh, Keiji; Takahashi, S.; Takahashi, Hitomi; Utsugisawa, Kimiaki; Yonezawa, Hisashi; Hatano, Kentaro; Sasaki, Takeo

doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.5.629

Cited by 83 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The frontal lesions causing agraphia [5, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15]were reported to be in the foot of the second convolution or the precentral gyrus, which is similar to that of our patient. The specificity of our patient’s lesion was that it was located in the lower second frontal convolution and that it reached to the bottom of the operculum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Pure agraphia [1]is reported to be caused by left frontal lesions [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Most Japanese patients with pure agraphia due to a frontal lesion were reported to have kana-dominant or kana-specific writing impairment [8, 9, 10, 13, 14]. They most commonly make kana errors such as paragraphia and rarely show ill-shaped kana characters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dystypia: Isolated Typing Impairment without Aphasia, Apraxia or Visuospatial Impairment

Otsuki

Soma²,

Arihiro³

et al. 2002

Eur Neurol

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We report a 60-year-old right-handed Japanese man who showed an isolated persistent typing impairment without aphasia, agraphia, apraxia or any other neuropsychological deficit. We coined the term ‘dystypia’ for this peculiar neuropsychological manifestation. The symptom was caused by an infarction in the left frontal lobe involving the foot of the second frontal convolution and the frontal operculum. The patient’s typing impairment was not attributable to a disturbance of the linguistic process, since he had no aphasia or agraphia. The impairment was not attributable to the impairment of the motor execution process either, since he had no apraxia. Thus, his typing impairment was deduced to be based on a disturbance of the intermediate process where the linguistic phonological information is converted into the corresponding performance. We hypothesized that there is a specific process for typing which branches from the motor programming process presented in neurolinguistic models. The foot of the left second frontal convolution and the operculum may play an important role in the manifestation of ‘dystypia’.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dystypia: Isolated Typing Impairment without Aphasia, Apraxia or Visuospatial Impairment

Otsuki

Soma²,

Arihiro³

et al. 2002

Eur Neurol

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“…Only a small number of cases of pure agraphia due to circumscribed lesions in Exner's area have been reported thus far [12][13][14][15]. Reports from Japan reveal phonological errors such as omission and paragraphia of kana letters associated with Exner's area lesion in cerebrovascular disease [15][16][17]. These errors concur well with the writing disorders observed in our case.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Is Lesion of Exner’s Area Linked to Progressive Agraphia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Dementia? An Autopsy Case Report

Ishihara

Ichikawa

Suzuki

et al. 2010

Behavioural Neurology

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Abstract. Agraphia, as a neuropsychological symptom of ALS, especially ALS with dementia (ALS-D), has recently attracted more attention. However, the brain lesion responsible has not been identified. Here we present an autopsy case of ALS-D of a patient with obvious agraphia, without aphasia, that also presented cerebrospinal degeneration with TDP-43-pathology compatible with ALS-D. Of the pre-motor frontal lobe cortices, degeneration and immuno-histochemical pathology were most obvious in the caudal area of the left middle frontal gyrus, or Exner's area. Assuring this area plays a pivotal role in the kanji and kana formation used in writing the Japanese language, this case of ALS-D showed both agraphia and Exner's area stressed pathological lesions. It may thus be the first case to indicate an intimate relationship between the neuropsychological symptoms and an associated lesion for ALS-D.

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“…Based on these data, Dehaene et al [6] proposed that the source of mathematical thinking composes of linguistic and visual-spatial neural circuits, both of which are necessary for arithmetic processing. Activation in the left inferior parietal [32] and left parietal regions [33] has been shown to be activated in number-processing studies. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between rote arithmetic facts and correlative, different arithmetic operations.…”

Section: ⅳ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Memory Rules Associative with the Mathematical Thinking Core

Wang¹,

Gu²

2011

IJMECS

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Abstract-Activation of how and where arithmetic operations are displayed in the brain has been observed in various number-processing tasks. However, it remains poorly understood whether stabilized memory of Boolean rules are associated with background knowledge. The present study reviewed behavioral and imaging evidence demonstrating that Boolean problem-solving abilities depend on the core systems of number-processing. The core systems account for a mathematical cultural background, and serve as the foundation for sophisticated mathematical knowledge. The Ebbinghaus paradigm was used to investigate learning-induced changes by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a retrieval task of Boolean rules. Functional imaging data revealed a common activation pattern in the left inferior parietal lobule and left inferior frontal gyrus during all Boolean tasks, which has been used for number-processing processing in former studies. All other regional activations were tasks-specific and prominently distributed in the left thalamus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral occipital lobe, and other subcortices during contrasting stabilized memory retrieval of Boolean tasks and number-processing tasks. The present results largely verified previous studies suggesting that activation patterns due to number-processing appear to reflect a basic anatomical substrate of stability of Boolean rules memory, which are derived from a network originally related to the core systems of number-processing.

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Agraphia and acalculia after a left prefrontal (F1, F2) infarction.

Cited by 83 publications

References 20 publications

Dystypia: Isolated Typing Impairment without Aphasia, Apraxia or Visuospatial Impairment

Dystypia: Isolated Typing Impairment without Aphasia, Apraxia or Visuospatial Impairment

Is Lesion of Exner’s Area Linked to Progressive Agraphia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Dementia? An Autopsy Case Report

The Stability of Memory Rules Associative with the Mathematical Thinking Core

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