Agrarian socialism and the Negro in Oklahoma, 1900–1918

Meredith, Howard

doi:10.1080/00236567008584125

Labor History

1970

DOI: 10.1080/00236567008584125

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Agrarian socialism and the Negro in Oklahoma, 1900–1918

Howard Meredith

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“…191-2). The Oklahoma Socialist party's success among farmers between 1900 and 1918 is a high-water mark of self-identified socialism in America to date, but although it was officially on the side of African-American efforts to achieve equality and exercise the franchise, the party was divided at lower levels, where a racist strain often expressed itself (Meredith 1970).…”

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Going to the Nation: the idea of Oklahoma in early blues recordings

Smith¹

2006

Pop. Mus.

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This paper considers references to Oklahoma in blues recordings from 1924 to 1941, and the paradox that, although the reality of life for African-Americans in that state was little different from life in the Deep South, the recordings usually speak of migration to Oklahoma in optimistic terms. The notion that the Indian Nation (a.k.a. 'the Territory') had been a refuge for runaway slaves is rebutted, together with the conclusion that optimistic references in the blues preserve this idea as a collective memory. What is being recalled is rather the period between the Civil War and statehood (1907): the former slaves of Native Americans in Oklahoma became tribal members, gaining the civil and property rights accorded to tribes-people, and the black townships movement offered the prospect of autonomy and self-government on the frontier. Two songs which take a negative view of Oklahoma's Jim Crow reality are also considered.

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Going to the Nation: the idea of Oklahoma in early blues recordings

Smith¹

2006

Pop. Mus.

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For White Men Only: The Socialist Party of America and Issues of Gender, Ethnicity and Race

Miller¹

2003

J. gilded age prog. era

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This article examines the experience of distinct groups within the Socialist Party of America, considering the period from its founding in 1901 to the eve of World War One. The Socialist Party, befitting its membership in the international socialist movement of that era, was committed to representing the workers of the world in the Marxist struggle to achieve political and economic equality within a cooperative commonwealth. Accordingly, variables of gender, ethnicity and race were subsumed within the Social Question. Ideally, workers in every capacity and of all backgrounds would march together under the Red Flag and create a new egalitarian society. While, indeed, many lawyers, ministers and others of the middle-class belonged to the Socialist Party and often held office within it, thereby derisively being likened by critics to an assemblage of dentists, the party was very much working class in composition, as shown by James R. Green and others.

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Being redandblackinJim Crow America:Notes on the ideology and travails of Afro‐America's socialist pioneers, 1877–1930

James

1999

Souls

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Agrarian socialism and the Negro in Oklahoma, 1900–1918

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Going to the Nation: the idea of Oklahoma in early blues recordings

Going to the Nation: the idea of Oklahoma in early blues recordings

For White Men Only: The Socialist Party of America and Issues of Gender, Ethnicity and Race

Being redandblackinJim Crow America:Notes on the ideology and travails of Afro‐America's socialist pioneers, 1877–1930

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