Agregação de comportamentos de risco à saúde de escolares da rede pública de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract


 
 
 O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar as prevalências de comportamentos de risco à saúde, de forma isolada e agregada, e analisar fatores associados. Tratou-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal, com amostra representativa de escolares de 14 a 20 anos de idade (n = 1.170) do ensino médio da rede pública, Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. Os comportamentos de risco observados foram: níveis insuficientes de atividade física, comportamento sedentário, consumo inadequado de frutas e verduras e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de tabaco. Os possíveis fatores associados foram: sexo, idade, estado civil, ocupação, escolaridade da mãe e renda familiar. A prevalência de nível insuficiente de atividade física foi mais elevada no sexo feminino (87,6% vs. 73,0%; p = 0,001), enquanto que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (28,2% vs. 20,6%; p = 0,003) e de tabaco (8,7% vs. 3,8%; p = 0,001) foi superior no masculino. Para o sexo feminino houve 6,34 vezes maior a prevalência observada pela esperada (PO/ PE), entre: níveis insuficientes de atividade física, comportamento sedentário e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de tabaco A prevalência de três ou mais comportamentos de risco foi de 7,9% (IC95%: 6,4-9,5) e os escolares que pertenciam às famílias com renda inferior a dois salários mínimos tiveram menor probabilidade de exposição (RP = 0,60; IC95%: 0,39-0,93). Os resultados indicaram elevada prevalência de insuficientemente ativos, de consumo inadequado de frutas e verduras e agregação de múltiplos comportamentos de risco para o sexo feminino.
 
 

Cluster and simultaneity of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents of Southeast Brazil

“…In the Northeast region of Brazil, Tassitano et al 9 showed a prevalence of approximately 9% for the presence of three or more risk factors. The most recent study involving northeastern students showed a prevalence value near to 8% for the presence of three or more modifiable risk factors 11 . In contrast, a survey of young Canadians (10-17 years) of both sexes showed 37% of the sample had three or more risk factors for chronic diseases 20 .…”

“…School administrative status (public and private) is an inherent feature of the Brazilian basic education system. However, previous school-based studies that investigated the clustering or simultaneity of risk factors in young Brazilian students have neglected this fundamental feature 9,11,14 . The exception was the Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study 23 , which investigated the co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors for NCDs in students from public and private schools in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (non-probabilistic sample).…”

“…The participant was considered a smoker if he/she smoked any amount of cigarette regularly on a daily basis 9 ; Excessive alcohol consumption: the participant was asked which the number of doses/days he/she consumed in a typical week. Participants were considered exposed when reported consuming at least one dose of alcohol per day 11 . A beer can (350 ml), for example, was considered a dose of alcohol; Low consumption of fruits and vegetables: the participant was asked about the frequency (number of days/week) with which the participant consumed fruits (or natural fruit juice), vegetables, and greens.…”

“…In addition, multiple risk behaviors, such as insufficient physical activity and (SB), tend to cluster and are on the route of pediatric obesity 10 . Although SB is a modifiable risk factor for CVD 2 that favors negative combination patterns 10 , it is still poorly investigated in studies involving young people, especially in Brazil 11 .…”

“…low consumption of fruits and vegetables) and insufficient PA or unhealthy diet and SB and their obesogenic relationships. No study of clustering of factors conducted with Brazilian youth 8,9,11,14 ever investigated this relationship.…”