Agri-food Value Chain Revolutions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Barrett, Christopher B.; Reardon, Tom; Swinnen, Jo; Zilberman, David

doi:10.1257/jel.20201539

Cited by 130 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To maximize more, good rural employment generation, these subsectoral policy choices should similarly be guided by the productivity gains they generate per worker as well as the number of workers gaining directly, together with the broader expected good job gains from spillover effects on the local economy. Barrett et al (2021), IFAD (2019; make an important step in this direction, reviewing how different subsectoral policies perform in terms of gains per worker, the number of workers gaining and potential spillovers as well as their joint effect on rural income growth and poverty. Yet, informing these policy choices continues to present a major research agenda, with ongoing robotization and digitization, the rising imperative of greening and intra-African liberalization providing new opportunities and challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Employment in Africa: Trends and Challenges

Christiaensen

Maertens

2022

Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ.

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Africa's rural population continues to expand rapidly, and labor productivity in agriculture and many rural-off farm activities remain low. This review uses the lens of a dual economy and the associated patterns of agricultural, rural, and structural transformation to review the evolution of Africa's rural employment and its inclusiveness. Many African countries still find themselves in an early stage of the agricultural and rural transformation. Given smaller sectoral productivity gaps than commonly assumed, greater size effects, and larger spillovers, investment in agriculture and the rural off-farm economy remains warranted to broker the transition to more and more productive rural employment. The key policy questions thus become how best to invest in the agri-food system (on and increasingly also off the farm) and how best to generate demand for nonagricultural goods and services that rural households can competitively produce. Informing these choices continues to present a major research agenda, with digital technologies, the imperative of greening, and intra-African liberalization raising many unarticulated and undocumented opportunities and challenges. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 14 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Employment in Africa: Trends and Challenges

Christiaensen

Maertens

2022

Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ.

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“…Gene-edited organisms and products have been researched in both the private and public sectors and some ground-breaking discoveries have been made in each (Tramper and Zhu, 2011). Frequently, the private sector is involved in the final stages of the development process, translating research into a marketable product (Barrett et al, 2022). This often relies, however, on work done in the public sector, including that done in universities and research institutes, and can engender publicprivate partnerships (Rausser, Simon and Ameden, 2000).…”

Section: Trade Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing and agrifood systems

2022

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vi NARS scientists we can further advance breeding of crops critical to feeding much of the world's population like cassava, sorghum, millet and banana.Around the world, governments have taken a practical approach towards regulation: in cases where changes made via genome editing are synonymous with changes that could have been made using conventional breeding, products undergo similar safety assessments. For edits that lead to insertions of DNA, governments can rely on over three decades' worth of experience in transgenics. This clear regulatory approach has spurred investment by academic and public-sector developers who now have a path to product approvals.Any review of genome editing technology should be accompanied by a discussion on ethics. Valid concerns have been raised over the desire for an unaltered natural environment, maintenance of ancient germplasm, as well as animal rights, and cultures around the world will have questions about how the technology might comply or conflict with religious beliefs. Platforms for societal engagement are much needed to facilitate discussions on ethics, and to educate the public on the technology. Individuals should have the ability to choose products that meet their needs and adhere to their belief systems. A consumer of the future may choose an edited variety because they prioritize sustainability, animal welfare, have allergies, or prefer the taste. A farmer of the future may choose to grow an edited crop because it preserves a favoured variety while making it more resilient to a changing climate, or because it increases yield, or captures carbon from the atmosphere. A successful path to the future is one that includes informed choice.It is my hope that this report will serve as a guiding document for those seeking to responsibly and equitably deploy genome editing technologies. All of human health depends on agriculture. It has been just over 10 years since CRISPR genome editing emerged as a tool; now it is time to wield it wisely.

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“…Thus, smallholders are one of the tools that may guarantee productivity if effectively managed, raising both production and standard of living respectively [44]. The demand for high-quality agricultural products consistently exceeds supply because the agricultural sector is expanding globally [45,46]. To ensure that all of the products meet the consumers' needs in the global market, the welfare effect on cocoa smallholders must be regularly considered because of the rising demand for agricultural products, particularly in the cocoa sector.…”

Section: Benefits Of the Agricultural Certification Scheme Participat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on participation of cocoa smallholders in agricultural certification scheme

Rusli

Fatah

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The ability of cocoa smallholders to comply with the agricultural certification scheme has led to the improvement of commodity profits in agriculture, especially cocoa crops. This study aims to determine the participation of cocoa smallholders in agricultural certification schemes. Cocoa production contributes to the national economy by generating exchange profits. Factors such as the age of smallholders, gender, training, farming experience, education, and attitude influence the smallholder’s participation in the agricultural certification scheme. Educational status had a significant positive relationship with the certification scheme. Based on the review, the multinomial logistic regression model and other methods are used to analyse smallholders’ participation in the certification. Therefore, the certification has some benefits for smallholders in terms of food safety standards. Consequently, it can improve the safety of the consumer, the livelihood of smallholders, and the quality of agricultural products. This capacity will locate the cocoa crops at the global demand linked together from top to down of the value chain process.

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Agri-food Value Chain Revolutions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 130 publications

References 10 publications

Rural Employment in Africa: Trends and Challenges

Rural Employment in Africa: Trends and Challenges

Gene editing and agrifood systems

A review on participation of cocoa smallholders in agricultural certification scheme

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