Agricultural Animal Welfare

Underwood, Wendy J.; McGlone, John J.; Swanson, J. C.; Anderson, Kenneth; Anthony, Raymond

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385103-1.00015-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…On a global scale, about 73% of all antimicrobials sold are used in food animals [ 9 ], and that figure is increasing. The domestic pig ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) is one of the main sources of meat for human consumption, as over 40% of all meat consumed in the world comes from this animal species [ 10 ]. Some antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, cannot be fully metabolized in the pig intestine, and these residues are found in dust, feces, sewage, soil, surface water and crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Farms and Surroundings in Bulgaria

Kaleva,

Ilieva,

Zaharieva

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a ubiquitous microorganism with pathogenic and saprophytic clones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence, virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of E. coli in three industrial farms in Bulgaria, as well as their adjacent sites related to the utilization of manure (feces, wastewater in a separator, lagoons, means of transport, and soils). The isolation of single bacterial cultures was performed via standard procedures with modifications, and E. coli isolates were identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial resistance, and PCR was used to detect genes for antibiotic resistance (GAR) (qnr, aac(3), ampC, blaSHV/blaTEM and erm) and virulence genes (stx, stx2all, LT, STa, F4 and eae). The protocol of Stepanović was utilized to measure the biofilm formation of the isolates. A total of 84 isolates from different samples (n = 53) were identified as E. coli. Almost all demonstrated antimicrobial resistance, and most of them demonstrated resistance to multiple antibiotics from different classes. No virulence genes coding the Shiga toxin or enterotoxins or those associated with enteropathogenicity were detected. No GAR from those tested for quinolones, aminoglycosides and macrolides were found. However, all isolates that were resistant to a penicillin-class antibiotic (56) had β-lactamase-producing plasmid genes. All of them had ampC, and 34 of them had blaTEM. A total of 14 isolates formed strongly adherent biofilms. These results in a country where the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and prophylaxis in farms is highly restricted corroborate that the global implemented policy on antibiotics in human medicine and in animal husbandry needs revision.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Farms and Surroundings in Bulgaria

Kaleva,

Ilieva,

Zaharieva

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Cattle and pig are ungulates, even-toed, a hoofed mammal belonging to the Artiodactyla order (cloven hooves) (Olopade et al, 2011;Underwood et al, 2014), cattle is in the suborder Ruminantia (cud-chewing animals), the genus Bos, family Bovidae and obligate herbivores (Underwood et al, 2014). While the pig is a member of the Suidae family of non-ruminant animals, genus Sus, which includes European wild boars and domestic pigs (Moeller & Crespo, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Morphological and Computed Tomographical Measurements of the Orbit in Cattle and Pig Eyes

et al. 2023

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Understanding species intraocular parameters using computed tomography (CT) scanning is initial and crucial step in ophthalmology. There is a lack of studies that have specialized in estimating the cattle and pig eyes using CT scans. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the anatomical and computed tomography features of cattle and pig eyes and its internal structures. Animal heads that not suffer from any diseases related to the eye were disarticulated. CT scan was performed. Moreover, 10 % fixed buffered formalin Specimens were used for the anatomical description of the eye and the optic nerve in particular. The values of length, width of the lens and globe, radio density of the optic nerve, lens, the anterior chamber, the vitreous chamber, and orbital dimensions were measured. Statistically, all parameters of cattle optic nerve increased significantly than that of the pig except for radiodensity, and angle of the optic nerve. Furthermore, all intraocular parameters of cattle increased significantly than that of the pig except the radiodensity of aqueous and vitreous humor. There was no significant difference between species in the opening angle of the orbit. This study's findings represent a first step toward developing CT reference values for cattle and pigs intraocular structural assessments.

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“…During this period, feathers are shed, leaving some birds flightless. Subsequently, the flight muscles can atrophy due to disuse [ 3 , 4 ]. In domesticated chicken flocks kept for egg production (laying hens), loss of feathers can come from feather pecking and abrasions from housing equipment [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of wing area affects estimated stress in the primary flight muscles of chickens

Hong,

Tobalske,

van Staaveren

et al. 2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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In flying birds, the pectoralis (PECT) and supracoracoideus (SUPRA) generate most of the power required for flight, while the wing feathers create the aerodynamic forces. However, in domestic laying hens, little is known about the architectural properties of these muscles and the forces the wings produce. As housing space increases for commercial laying hens, understanding these properties is important for assuring safe locomotion. We tested the effects of wing area loss on mass, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), and estimated muscle stress (EMS) of the PECT and SUPRA in white-feathered laying hens. Treatments included Unclipped ( N = 18), Half-Clipped with primaries removed ( N = 18) and Fully-Clipped with the primaries and secondaries removed ( N = 18). The mass and PCSA of the PECT and SUPRA did not vary significantly with treatment. Thus, laying hen muscle anatomy may be relatively resistant to changes in external wing morphology. We observed significant differences in EMS among treatments, as Unclipped birds exhibited the greatest EMS. This suggests that intact wings provide the greatest stimulus of external force for the primary flight muscles.

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Agricultural Animal Welfare

Cited by 7 publications

References 183 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Farms and Surroundings in Bulgaria

Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Farms and Surroundings in Bulgaria

Comparative Morphological and Computed Tomographical Measurements of the Orbit in Cattle and Pig Eyes

Reduction of wing area affects estimated stress in the primary flight muscles of chickens

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