Agricultural by-product suitability for the production of chitinous composites and nanofibers utilising Trametes versicolor and Polyporus brumalis mycelial growth

Jones, Mitchell P.; Lawrie, A. C.; Huynh, Tien; Morrison, Paul D.; Mautner, Andreas; Bismarck, Alexander; John, Sabu

doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.018

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The study demonstrates that the manufacturing process impacts the desirable properties of the composite: the water absorption was much lower compared to previous studies thanks to the growth of a denser outer hydrophobic mycelial layer. However, other properties related to the thermal performances of insulating materials, such as fire resistance [10], aging, acoustics, water vapor diffusion, should be tested in further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main factors affecting the production of mycelium composites, and consequently their mechanical behaviour, are: the matrix (mycelium species [10,11]), the feedstock selection (lignocellulosic substrate [4,12]), the interaction between white rot fungi and their feedstock and last but not least the process variables during manufacturing (protocol, sterilisation, inoculation, packing, incubation, growing period and drying method). Studies have demonstrated that the mechanical properties of mycelium-composites are mostly affected by its feedstock [4,7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical, physical and chemical characterisation of mycelium-based composites with different types of lignocellulosic substrates

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current physical goods economy produces materials by extracting finite valuable resources without taking their end of the life and environmental impact into account. Mycelium-based materials offer an alternative fabrication paradigm, based on the growth of materials rather than on extraction. Agricultural residue fibres are inoculated with fungal mycelium, which form an interwoven three-dimensional filamentous network binding the feedstock into a lightweight material. The mycelium-based material is heat-killed after the growing process. In this paper, we investigate the production process, the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of mycelium-based composites made with different types of lignocellulosic reinforcement fibres combined with a white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. This is the first study reporting the dry density, the Young’s modulus, the compressive stiffness, the stress-strain curves, the thermal conductivity, the water absorption rate and a FTIR analyse of mycelium-based composites by making use of a fully disclosed protocol with T. versicolor and five different type of fibres (hemp, flax, flax waste, softwood, straw) and fibre processings (loose, chopped, dust, pre-compressed and tow). The thermal conductivity and water absorption coefficient of the mycelium composites with flax, hemp, and straw have an overall good insulation behaviour in all the aspects compared to conventional materials such as rock wool, glass wool and extruded polystyrene. The conducted tests reveal that the mechanical performance of the mycelium-based composites depends more on the fibre processing (loose, chopped, pre-compressed, and tow), and size than on the chemical composition of the fibres. These experimental results show that mycelium-composites can fulfil the requirements of thermal insulation and have the potential to replace fosile-based composites. The methology used to evaluate the suitability and selection of organic waste-streams proved to be effective for the mycelium-material manufacturing applications.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, physical and chemical characterisation of mycelium-based composites with different types of lignocellulosic substrates

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The molasses culture medium was the best option to produce iron-enriched mycelial biomass because it had high iron bioaccumulation in the mycelial biomass, and high mycelial biomass growth. Molasses is a viscous liquid byproduct from sugar production containing predominantly hexose, sucrose, and proteins 16 . It is estimated that, in 2019, Brazil produced 622 million tons of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) generating about 37 million tons of molasses 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that, in 2019, Brazil produced 622 million tons of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) generating about 37 million tons of molasses 17 . Molasses is sold at US $60/ton and could be an alternative to malt extract sold at US $149–298/ton 16 to produce iron-enriched mycelial biomass from nutraceutical basidiomycetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron biofortification and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes cultivated in sugarcane molasses

Scheid

Faria

Velasquez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Basidiomycetes can bioaccumulate high iron contents, but there are few studies on iron availability from the mycelial biomass in order to support their use as an iron-enriched fungal food. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro iron bioaccumulation and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes grown in two distinct culture media. Lentinus crinitus , Ganoderma lucidum , Schizophyllum commune , Pleurotus ostreatus , Pleurotus eryngii , Lentinula edodes , and Agaricus subrufescens were grown in liquid culture medium of malt extract or sugarcane molasses to obtain iron-bioaccumulated mycelial biomass. P. ostreatus was the fungus that most bioaccumulated iron, followed by S. commune , and P. eryngii ; they also had the highest mycelial biomass growth and iron transfer from the culture medium to the mycelial biomass. Mycelial iron availability is species-specific, regardless of the culture medium and the iron bioaccumulation capacity of the fungus in the mycelial biomass. Mycelial biomass of S. commune , followed by G. lucidum , P. ostreatus , and P. eryngii , associated with molasses culture medium, are the best choice for the production of iron-enriched mycelial biomass.

show abstract

“…Fungus hyphae is chitinous microfiber that grows fast—taking only several days to grow from single cells to a macro scale—and has a length of centimeters and a diameter less than 10 μm. Due to the large quantities of function groups on the cell wall of hyphae, such as phosphonate, hydroxyl and amine groups, fungus fibers are promising for new functional bio-based materials [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Although handmade so-called mushroom papers have been known for decades and many appropriate fungus species (e.g., Trametes versicolor , Ganoderma and Fomitopsis species) and methodologies are available [ 17 , 18 ], non-wowen or paper-like materials from released fungus hyphae and cellulose fibers have not been investigated in detail or appeared in published research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Air Permeability Performance of Novel Biobased Materials from Fungal Hyphae and Cellulose Fibers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel biobased materials from fungal hyphae and cellulose fibers have been proposed to address the increasing demand for natural materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials containing commercially available kraft fibers (KF), laboratory-made highly fibrillated hemp fibers (HF) and fungal fibers (FF) obtained from fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycetes growing in nature were prepared using paper production techniques and evaluated for their mechanical and air permeability properties. SEM and microscopy revealed the network structure of materials. The tensile index of materials was in the range of 8–60 Nm/g and air permeability ranged from 32–23,990 mL/min, depending on the composition of materials. HF was the key component for strength; however, the addition of FF to compositions resulted in higher air permeability. Chemical composition analysis (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed the presence of natural polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and chitin, as well as the appropriate elemental distribution of components C, H and N. Biodegradation potential was proven by a 30-day-long composting in substrate, which resulted in an 8–62% drop in the C/N ratio. Conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness of fungal hyphae for use in papermaking-like technologies together with cellulose fibers. Developed materials can be considered as an alternative to synthetic melt and spun-blown materials for PPE.

show abstract

Agricultural by-product suitability for the production of chitinous composites and nanofibers utilising Trametes versicolor and Polyporus brumalis mycelial growth

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Mechanical, physical and chemical characterisation of mycelium-based composites with different types of lignocellulosic substrates

Mechanical, physical and chemical characterisation of mycelium-based composites with different types of lignocellulosic substrates

Iron biofortification and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes cultivated in sugarcane molasses

Mechanical and Air Permeability Performance of Novel Biobased Materials from Fungal Hyphae and Cellulose Fibers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About