Agricultural Chemical Site Remediation and Regulations

Buzicky, G; Liemandt, P; Grow, Stephanie; Read, Dan

doi:10.1021/bk-1992-0510.ch021

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The widespread use of atrazine (ATR; 2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐ s ‐triazine) and metolachlor (MET; 2‐chloro‐ N ‐[2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl]‐ N ‐[2‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐ethyl]acetamide) as preemergent herbicides to control grass weeds and broadleaf weeds has caused the contamination of surface and groundwaters [1,2]. Agricultural dealership sites represent a potential point source of groundwater contamination [3]. Effective and low‐cost remediation approaches at agricultural dealership sites are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil

Zhao¹,

Arthur

Coats

2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Four greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of native prairie grasses and two pesticidedegrading bacteria to remediate atrazine and metolachlor in soils from agricultural dealerships (Alpha site soil, northwest Iowa, USA; Bravo site soil, central Iowa, USA). The Alpha soil contained a low population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms relative to the Bravo soil. Each soil freshly treated with atrazine or metolachlor was aged for a short or long period of time, respectively. An atrazine-degrading bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain J14a; a metolachlor-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UA5-40; and a mixture of three native prairie grasses-big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), yellow Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans [L.] Nash), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)-were added to the soils after the soils were aged for long periods of time. The soils aged for short periods of time were treated with J14a, the prairie grasses, or both after aging. The J14a and the grasses significantly reduced the concentration of atrazine in Alpha soil when the soil was aged for a short period of time. However, these treatments had no statistically significant effect when the soil was aged for a long period of time or on atrazine in Bravo soil. Inoculation with UA5-40 did not enhance metolachlor dissipation in either soil, but vegetation did increase metolachlor dissipation. Our results indicate that the dissipation of atrazine by J14a is affected by the presence of indigenous atrazine-mineralizing microorganisms and probably by the bioavailability of atrazine in the soil. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract-Four greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of native prairie grasses and two pesticide-degrading bacteria to remediate atrazine and metolachlor in soils from agricultural dealerships (Alpha site soil, northwest Iowa, USA; Bravo site soil, central Iowa, USA). The Alpha soil contained a low population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms relative to the Bravo soil. Each soil freshly treated with atrazine or metolachlor was aged for a short or long period of time, respectively. An atrazinedegrading bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain J14a; a metolachlor-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UA5-40; and a mixture of three native prairie grasses-big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), yellow Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans [L.] Nash), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)-were added to the soils after the soils were aged for long periods of time. The soils aged for short periods of time were treated with J14a, the prairie grasses, or both after aging. The J14a and the grasses significantly reduced the concentration of atrazine in Alpha soil when the soil was aged for a short period of time. However, these treatments had no statistically significant effect when the soil was aged for a l...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil

Zhao¹,

Arthur

Coats

2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Enhanced Mineralization of [¹⁴C]Atrazine inKochia scopariaRhizospheric Soil from a Pesticide-Contaminated Site

et al. 1996

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Abstract:Mineralization of atrazine (6-chloro-NZ-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in soil treated with a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor (2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidide at concentrations typical of point-source contamination (50 p g g -' each) was significantly greater ( P < 0.001) in rhizospheric soil from Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth., a herbicideresistant plant, than in non-vegetated and control soils. Soils were collected from an agrochemical dealership contaminated with several herbicides, including atrazine, metolachlor, trifluralin (cr,a,~-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-~,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine and pendimethalin (N-( l-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidene), at concentrations well exceeding the field application rates. Mineralization rates of ring-labeled atrazine in both rhizospheric and non-vegetated soils were quite high (>47% of the initial I4C applied after 36 days) compared to literature values. These results suggest that plants such as Kochia might be managed at pesticide-contaminated sites to help facilitate microbial degradation of wastes such as atrazine in soil.

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Rhizosphere Microbial Communities of Herbicide-Tolerant Plants As Potential Bioremedients of Soils Contaminated with Agrochemicals

Anderson

Kruger

Coats

1995

Bioremediation of Pollutants in Soil and Water

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Plant roots influence the soil in which they grow in a variety of ways, making the soil more conducive for microbial growth and activity, as well as cometabolic reactions. Studies examining the fate of pesticides in plant-soil systems have revealed a marked decrease in persistence of these compounds. Additionally, similar observations have recently been made for oil residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, trichloroethylene, and surfactants. These previous studies suggest that the root zone could potentially be managed to effect bioremediation of surface soils containing hazardous organic compounds through enhanced biochemical transformation of these organic constituents at waste sites by indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms. In order to further test this hypothesis, a study was initiated using soil and vegetation from an existing pesticide-contaminated site in Iowa. Initial characterization of this site revealed several herbicide-tolerant plant species including Kochia sp., knotweed (Polygonum sp.), and crabgrass (Digitaria sp.). Experiments testing the influence of these tolerant varieties on microbial degradation of a mixture of herbicides are reported. By facilitating microbial degradation of pesticide wastes, vegetation could provide a cost-effective and ecological approach to restoration of contaminated surface soils in situ.

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Agricultural Chemical Site Remediation and Regulations

Cited by 5 publications

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Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil

Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil

Enhanced Mineralization of [¹⁴C]Atrazine inKochia scopariaRhizospheric Soil from a Pesticide-Contaminated Site

Rhizosphere Microbial Communities of Herbicide-Tolerant Plants As Potential Bioremedients of Soils Contaminated with Agrochemicals

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Agricultural Chemical Site Remediation and Regulations

Cited by 5 publications

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Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil

Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil

Enhanced Mineralization of [14C]Atrazine inKochia scopariaRhizospheric Soil from a Pesticide-Contaminated Site

Rhizosphere Microbial Communities of Herbicide-Tolerant Plants As Potential Bioremedients of Soils Contaminated with Agrochemicals

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Enhanced Mineralization of [¹⁴C]Atrazine inKochia scopariaRhizospheric Soil from a Pesticide-Contaminated Site