Agricultural NH3 and NOx emissions in Canada

Kurvits, Tiina; Marta, T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50030-7

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Neither HNO 3 nor pyruvic acid correlate with NH 3 . However, agricultural activity is a known source of NO x , which is primarily emitted from fertilizer and heavy-duty diesel farm vehicles (Shepherd et al, 1991;Kurvits and Marta, 1998). We therefore speculate that agricultural sources also served as a secondary source of HNO 3 near the site.…”

Section: Nitric and Pyruvic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HNO 3 is produced in the troposphere from nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) reactions with a hydroxyl radical (OH), and through the reaction of NO 2 with ozone (O 3 ). Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) from fossil fuel combustion and agricultural activity constitute a major secondary source of HNO 3 (Shepherd et al, 1991;Dignon, 1992;Kurvits and Marta, 1998;Almaraz et al, 2018). HNO 3 readily partitions into the aqueous phase, contributes to acid deposition, and reduces the vapor pressure of water during cloud droplet growth -affecting the growth rate and resulting size of these droplets (Kulmala et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropospheric sources and sinks of gas-phase acids in the Colorado Front Range

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We measured organic and inorganic gas-phase acids in the Front Range of Colorado to better understand their tropospheric sources and sinks using a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer. Measurements were conducted from 4 to 13 August 2014 at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment. Diurnal increases in mixing ratios are consistent with photochemical sources of HNO 3 , HNCO, formic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and pyruvic acid. Vertical profiles taken on the 300 m tower demonstrate net surface-level emissions of alkanoic acids, but net surface deposition of HNO 3 and pyruvic acid. The surface-level alkanoic acid source persists through both day and night, and is thus not solely photochemical. Reactions between O 3 and organic surfaces may contribute to the surface-level alkanoic acid source. Nearby traffic emissions and agricultural activity are a primary source of propionic, butyric, and valeric acids, and likely contribute photochemical precursors to HNO 3 and HNCO. The combined diel and vertical profiles of the alkanoic acids and HNCO are inconsistent with dry deposition and photochemical losses being the only sinks, suggesting additional loss mechanisms.

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Section: Nitric and Pyruvic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric sources and sinks of gas-phase acids in the Colorado Front Range

et al. 2018

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“…1,2 Over the last decade, some abatement methods and strategies such as biofiltration, diet manipulation, manure storage covers, vegetative environmental buffers, wet scrubbers, biocurtains, and ultraviolet (UV) light treatment have been developed and utilized to alleviate odor and gas problems. However, few of these technologies are adopted by swine producers because of relatively low efficacy and high implementation costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Odor, Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Emissions from Swine Grower-Finisher Rooms

Sun

Guo

Peterson

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Seasonal odor and gas (ammonia [NH 3 ], hydrogen sulfide [H 2 S], and carbon dioxide [CO 2 ]) concentrations and emission rates (OGCERs) from swine facilities are vital for providing accurate source emissions and reducing the uncertainty of setback distances on the basis of emission data. In this study, a repeated measurement experimental method and a split-block statistical model were used to obtain seasonal OGCER profiles from two types of swine grower-finisher rooms in Saskatchewan, Canada, over a 12-month period. The results indicate that the OGCERs were significantly affected by the sampling month and ambient temperature (P Ͻ 0.05), which indicates that monthly OGCERs should be measured and used as representative monthly or seasonal values in air dispersion models to reduce uncertainties in setback calculations. It was also found that the seasonal OGCERs from the rooms with fully slatted floors were 6.3-40.6% higher than those with partially slatted floors. The seasonal OGCERs (except for the NH 3 concentrations in October, November, and January; the CO 2 concentrations in August; and the CO 2 emission rates in December) between these two rooms for each measuring month did not differ significantly (P Ͼ 0.05). The measured gas concentrations were generally below the permissible exposure limits (PELs) established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) throughout the year except for the NH 3 concentrations in cold weather (December, January, and February). INTRODUCTIONAmmonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and odorous gaseous compounds produced in livestock facilities and manure storage units are a great concern in Canada because of their environmental and health effects on animals, workers, and nearby residents, as well as social and economic impacts on animal industry and local communities. 1,2 Over the last decade, some abatement methods and strategies such as biofiltration, diet manipulation, manure storage covers, vegetative environmental buffers, wet scrubbers, biocurtains, and ultraviolet (UV) light treatment have been developed and utilized to alleviate odor and gas problems. However, few of these technologies are adopted by swine producers because of relatively low efficacy and high implementation costs. 3 Recently, a common approach widely practiced is to maintain adequate setback distances between the livestock operation and the neighboring residences. To determine science-based setback distance, air dispersion models have been used to estimate downwind odor and gas concentrations from animal feeding operations. 4 -6 A good prediction of downwind odor and gas concentrations using air dispersion models relies largely on source emission rate information, which is highly variable with diurnal and seasonal variations, building characteristics, ventilation rates, animal size and density, weather conditions, and manure handling systems, to name a few. In the literature, large variability in odor and gas concentrations and emissions from different s...

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“…All of the products of NH 3 produced in these industries either are toxic inorganic gases with a pungent malodorous component under ambient conditions or can harm the health of the public. [1][2][3] Moreover, typical biological, physical, and chemical treatments, such as those that involve biofilters, 4,5 stripping, 6 absorption, 7 postcombustion control technologies, 8 microwave-plasma discharge, 9 electrochemical oxidation, 10 and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) and soot adsorption, 11,12 only induce a phase transformation and may yield contaminated sludge or an adsorbent, either of which require further disposal. The maintenance and operating costs associated with physical and chemical approaches are high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia over Copper-Cerium Composite Catalyst

Lou

Hung

Yang

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This work considers the oxidation of ammonia (NH 3 ) by selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) over a copper (Cu)-cerium (Ce) composite catalyst at temperatures between 150 and 400°C. A Cu-Ce composite catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation of copper nitrate and cerium nitrate at various molar concentrations. This study also considers how the concentration of influent NH 3 (500 -1000 ppm), the space velocity (72,000 -110,000 hr Ϫ1 ), the relative humidity (12-18%) and the concentration of oxygen (4 -20%) affect the operational stability and the capacity for removing NH 3 . The effects of the O 2 and NH 3 content of the carrier gas on the catalyst's reaction rate also are considered. The experimental results show that the extent of conversion of NH 3 by SCO in the presence of the Cu-Ce composite catalyst was a function of the molar ratio. The NH 3 was removed by oxidation in the absence of Cu-Ce composite catalyst, and ϳ99.2% NH 3 reduction was achieved during catalytic oxidation over the Cu-Ce (6:4, molar/molar) catalyst at 400°C with an O 2 content of 4%. Moreover, the effect of the initial concentration and reaction temperature on the removal of NH 3 in the gaseous phase was also monitored at a gas hourly space velocity of less than 92,000 hr ؊1 .

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Agricultural NH3 and NOx emissions in Canada

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Tropospheric sources and sinks of gas-phase acids in the Colorado Front Range

Tropospheric sources and sinks of gas-phase acids in the Colorado Front Range

Seasonal Odor, Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Emissions from Swine Grower-Finisher Rooms

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia over Copper-Cerium Composite Catalyst

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